Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2003"

TL;DR: In conclusion, chronic inflammation induced by biological, chemical, and physical factors has been associated with increased risk of human cancer at various sites and Appropriate treatment of inflammation should be explored further for chemoprevention of human cancers.

TL;DR: Inhibition of disease mechanisms, particularly vascular complications in experimental diabetes, by AG has provided evidence that accumulation of AGEs is a risk factor for disease progression, and pharmacological scavenging of alpha-oxoaldehydes or stimulation of host alpha-Oxoaldehyde detoxification remains a worthy therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic complications and other AGE-related disorders.

TL;DR: Small intestine is recognized as the site for metabolic conversion of quercetin and other flavonoids as it possesses enzymatic activity of glucuronidation and sulfation.

TL;DR: Findings implicate excess delivery of long-chain fatty acids in the development of insulin resistance resulting from lipid oversupply to skeletal muscle and using myotubes implicate free fatty acids capable of inhibiting insulin action.

TL;DR: The total hemin content of washed rat liver microsomes is 2.15 times the cytochrome b5 content, only a small part being due to bound hemoglobin, and the content of flavine is 4 5 that of cyto Chrome b5, which probably does not contribute to the DPNH reduced difference spectrum.

TL;DR: A new class of compounds are developed as potent inhibitors of glycation and AGE formation, including aryl (and heterocyclic) ureido, and ary l carboxamido phenoxy isobutyric acids and related molecules, which were found by in vitro assay methods to be potent inhibitors.

TL;DR: It is reported that isolated chloroplasts, envelope membrane vesicles, and proteoliposomes prepared from the solubilized proteins of envelope membranes are capable of the efficient transport of isopentenyl diph phosphate and geranyl diphosphate, and the data suggest that plastid membranes possess a unidirectional proton symport system for the export of specific isoprenoid intermediates involved in the metabolic cross talk between cytosolic and pl

TL;DR: The results suggest that EGCG causes an induction of G1 phase ckis, which inhibits the cyclin-cdk complexes operative in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, thereby causing an arrest, which may be an irreversible process ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death.

TL;DR: The formation of aggregates by the polar carotenoids is proposed to be of significance in their ability to quench singlet oxygen, and their influence on the properties of the lipid membrane is proposed.

TL;DR: Tissue-specific P450-expression profiles reported in this study provide a reference for more focused analysis of the tissue-specific and developmental functions of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.

TL;DR: Encouraging results have been reported for several approaches using gene targeting to interfere with c-MYC expression or activity both in vitro and in vivo, raising the possibility that c-Myc may be a key contributor to disease, not only by deregulating cell proliferation, which is well established, but also by virtue of its opposing role in engendering apoptosis.

TL;DR: This review presents the pre-clinical and clinical studies using ALT-711, a highly potent AGE-crosslink breaker that has the ability to reverse already-formed AGEs, and the therapeutic potential of crosslink breakers for cardiovascular complications and dermatological alterations associated with aging and diabetes.

TL;DR: This minireview summarizes the recent developments in the understanding of the structure, regulation, and metabolic functions of these proteins in plants.

TL;DR: The sequence and characterization of the mouse ogt locus is reported and a comparison with the human and rat ogt genes is provided and it is found that at least three protein products differing at their amino terminus result from alternative splicing.

TL;DR: Small subunits will need to be taken into account as strategies are developed for creating better Rubisco enzymes, because studies of interspecific hybrid enzymes have indicated that small subunits are required for maximal catalysis and, in several cases, contribute to CO2/O2 specificity.

TL;DR: The possible mechanisms of degradation of an unmodified protein by the 20S proteasome are discussed, including targeting, protein unfolding, and opening of the gated channel to the catalytic sites.

TL;DR: E2F appears to play a pivotal role in coordinating events connected with proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, and in regulating cellular proliferation through its temporal association with pocket protein family members.

TL;DR: This Editorial sets the stage for a series of articles by experts in the field, who have made key contributions to the authors' understanding of the Maillard reaction in vivo.

TL;DR: Lipoplexes were found to internalize the cells through the endocytosis pathway and lipoplexes-cell fusion was found to be essential for the uptake of the large particles.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of formation of AGE/ALEs, proposes a mechanism of action of PM, and summarizes the results of animal model studies on the use of PM for inhibiting A GE/ALE formation and development of complications of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

TL;DR: The role of intermediate metabolism during myocardial ischemia together with the cellular redox state might represent a promising interpretative key and the concepts of the determinants of oxidative damage should be critically revised.

TL;DR: The epoxides and other products provide a view of the landscape of P450-generated reactive products and the myriad of chemistry involved in the metabolism of drugs and protoxicants.

TL;DR: The functional characterization of Narc 1 reinforces the inference drawn from the analysis of its predicted structure that this enzyme is most closely related to representatives of the proteinase K family, but that it is also sufficiently different to warrant its possible classification in a separate sub-family.

TL;DR: Data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation may be involved in the regulation of PDX-1 DNA binding activity and in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta-cells.

TL;DR: The known consequences of RAGE activation in the tissues are summarized and novel areas for therapeutic intervention in these disease states are highlighted.

TL;DR: The fugu (pufferfish) genome has been sequenced, and a second genome assembly was released 17 May 2002, and all P450 genes and pseudogenes in the available fugu sequence data have been identified, compared to human P450s, and assigned names.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional structures of PEPC from Escherichia coli and the C4 plant maize were elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, establishing models for the reaction mechanism and allosteric regulation of this important C-fixing enzyme.

TL;DR: This review will critically examine how endogenous antioxidants might regulate the complex signal transduction pathways of cellular activation with particular attention to the NF-kappaB and MAPK systems that appears to determine outcome of injury, survival, and adaptation.

TL;DR: The results indicate that vitamin D status is a determining factor of disease susceptibility and oral administration of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) prevents diabetes onset in NOD mice through 200 days of age.

TL;DR: This review states that cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a number of oxidations in nature including the difficult hydroxylations of unactivated positions in an alkyl group, and computational work has suggested that iron-oxo can react through multiple spin states, a low-spin ensemble that reacts by insertion of oxygen, and a high- spin ensemble that react by hydrogen atom abstraction to give a radical.