Showing papers in "Behavioural Processes in 2004"

TL;DR: The results suggest that both delay and probability discounting are related to adult cigarette smoking; however, it also was determined that DD was a significantly stronger predictor of smoking than PD.

TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest this experiential discounting task may be a useful measure for assessing state changes in discounting processes and was better characterized by a hyperbolic function than by exponential function, which is consistent with previous delay-discounting research.

TL;DR: This article reviews a dual systems theory of category learning called competition between verbal and implicit systems (COVIS) developed by Ashby et al. and nine studies that test six a priori predictions from COVIS, each of which is supported by the data.

TL;DR: Dogs' ability to recognise cues of human visual attention was studied in different experiments and their preference for choosing the attentive person shows that dogs are capable of using visual cues of attention to evaluate the human actors' responsiveness to solicit food-sharing.

TL;DR: It is shown that the number of episodes of inactivity as function of their duration follows a power law, while its counterpart, the episodes of activity does not, suggesting that the overall pattern of locomotor activity adheres to a fractal-like structure.

TL;DR: Although VF is a non-invasive technique that does not require sophisticated recording equipment, its usefulness is limited as an indicator of stress in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

TL;DR: Results supported the hypothesis that a high rate of cigarette consumption is related to higher rates of DD, rather than the alternative hypothesis that smokers are predisposed with higher levels of DD.

TL;DR: Based on the analysis of buying patterns of 80 consumers for 9 product categories, the paper examines the continuum of consumers and seeks to relate their buying behavior to the question of how and what consumers maximize.

TL;DR: The results show that age and context influence the social behaviour of dogs, and although both age groups differentiated the living and non-living test-partners for some extent, the furry AIBO evoked significantly increased responses in comparison to the car.

TL;DR: Research is described that addresses whether the social dimensions of cooperative actions go beyond mere description of behaviors to also explain why cooperation occurs, and the hypothesis that the preference is influenced by intrinsic reinforcements evoked by cooperating.

TL;DR: P pigeons' initial preference for one feeder was significantly reduced and a similar decrease in preference was not found when pigeons received reinforcement from both feeders independently of the amount of effort required.

TL;DR: The results suggest that vaginal mucus may act as an additional/secondary source along with urine in eliciting copulatary behaviour and executing coitus in bulls during estrus, and other body fluids like saliva, faeces and milk have estrus-related odours and are probably involved in bovine bio-communication.

TL;DR: The present results are congruent with a growing body of literature suggesting that different anatomical substrates are involved in the acquisition and maintenance of different types of information, that these processes can occur simultaneously and in parallel, and that the dorsal striatum is necessary for the mediation of stimulus-response learning, while the hippocampus is necessary to mediate the expression of place learning.

TL;DR: The molar and molecular views of behavior are not different theories or levels of analysis; they are different paradigms that view behavior as composed of discrete units (responses) occurring at moments in time and strung together in chains to make up complex performances.

TL;DR: Although the fast and slow growers have a different genetic background, the results indicated that motivation is the dominant determinative factor for walking in birds with a low body weight, while physical ability is the Dominant determinative factors for Walking in birdsWith a high body weight.

TL;DR: Differences between consecutive bouts in their micro-characteristics suggest that at least some grooming actions emitted within the context of those bouts operate as relatively independent units of behaviour, whereas unitary component actions appear to be integrated into protracted pelage cleaning sequences by a separate mechanism.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a reduced sensitivity to reinforcement delay may be important behavioral mechanism of the effects of stimulants on self-control choices, and that this effect sometimes can be accompanied by a decreased sensitivity to reinforce amount.

TL;DR: In comparisons with mammals even isolate songbirds had more accurate AP than humans and rats, and budgerigars had highly accurate AP, they discriminated both three and eight ranges with precision.

TL;DR: Two experiments using goldfish as subjects examined the generality of the findings on resistance to change in a phylogenetically more primitive species and found response rates in the component with added response-independent food showed the greater resistance to changes, similar to findings in other species.

TL;DR: The results of this experiment are consistent with the hypothesis that specific mental capacities emerged with reptiles.

TL;DR: Evidence is found that the "ethological validation" recourse to an a priori interpretation for a given behavioural variable may be deceptive and the idea that the meaning of a behavioural variable should be restricted to the general context where it arose is defended.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated females in diestrus exhibited anxiety-like behaviors while females in metaestrus behaved in a similar way as the males, indicating the elevated T-maze to be a sensitive test to measure anxiety.

TL;DR: This work used laboratory bioassays to determine whether Ozark zigzag salamanders, Plethodon angusticlavius, decreased their feeding behavior following increased levels of threat-related stress, and found stressed salamander showed lower foraging success than unstressedSalamanders.

TL;DR: The present study revisited the recognition of cartoons by pigeons and suggested that pigeons use both global and local aspects, with different mixtures of these types of information depending on the particular perceptual context.

TL;DR: The less-aware groups were significantly less accurate than the more-aware group on some training pairs and all three novel pairs, and the less- Aware group's pattern of performance bore similarities to non-human animal performance.

TL;DR: The effect of environment on the maturation of sand-digging behavior in cuttlefish was studied in this paper, where the authors showed that the developmental changes in sand digging appear not totally pre-programmed, but at least partially experience-dependent.

TL;DR: The results of two experiments repeated Grace's procedure but with modifications to enhance the discrimination between small and large magnitude outcomes, and supported Grace's conclusion that amount-dependent temporal discounting does not characterize pigeons' choice in concurrent chains.

TL;DR: An early preference for schematic faces in infant macaque monkeys is revealed, which may suggest that primates share common cognitive processes in early schematic face recognition.

TL;DR: It is suggested that to some extent sheep recognise faces of unfamiliar animals at different ages and in different orientations.

TL;DR: The effect of a concurrent task on timing performance of pigeons was investigated with the peak interval procedure, and a role of nontemporal factors in the control of timing behavior is suggested.