Showing papers in "Clinical Therapeutics in 2019"

TL;DR: Evidence supports the further development of preoperative frailty evaluation as a risk-stratification tool in older adults undergoing general surgery.

TL;DR: This study indicates that long-term mepolizumab treatment is well tolerated and associated with sustained clinical benefits in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.

TL;DR: It is indicated that clinical response with nivolumab treatment improves with irAE occurrence in patients with melanoma, and the early increase in peripheral lymphocyte count may act as a biomarker for predicting the occurrence of irAEs induced by nivlumab.

TL;DR: A study examining the adoption and effect of artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning, on drug development found that most organizations use AI in some capacity and that it is important to the success of an organization's workforce.

TL;DR: The phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development in terms of the evolution of disease are reviewed, with a focus on events that occur before the first appearance of clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis.

TL;DR: An overview of chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype (CLIP) and evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of frailty and other chronic conditions as well as potential causative factors and interventions are provided.

TL;DR: Colchicine holds promise as an important, accessible drug that could be successfully repurposed for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease should its tolerability and cardiovascular benefits be confirmed in ongoing clinical trials.

TL;DR: The majority of studies that reported on pain-score changes revealed either pain reductions with NSAIDs versus placebo or similar pain scores between groups, indicating that NSAIDs did not compromise pain control.

TL;DR: The purpose of this commentary was to provide an overview of the impact of the opioid epidemic on children and adolescents, as well as to summarize challenges to improving outcomes for children.

TL;DR: The evidence basis for the associations of lifestyle factors with RA risk is reviewed and future directions for possible interventions to reduce RA risk are considered.

TL;DR: This review discusses several of the most commonly used mouse model systems, as well as new resources such as the Collaborative Cross as models for studying infectious diseases.

TL;DR: This commentary presents a simplified way of making the diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) using the 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition and discusses whether ME/C FS is the same or a different illness from fibromyalgia.

TL;DR: The importance of identifying individuals with normal weight obesity, which may partially bridge the knowledge gap in understanding the reasons behind a disproportionately high prevalence of diabetes as opposed to a lesser degree of obesity seen in individuals of South Asian origin, is highlighted.

TL;DR: Increased use of evidence-based treatment such as DAPT and LLDs in current clinical practice may improve long-term outcomes of patients with MI and estimate the association between medication adherence and mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a large real-world population.

TL;DR: According to data from clinical practice, DOACs seem to be associated with a greater NCB versus VKAs in patients with AF with a bioprosthetic heart valve, primarily due to lower rates of both major bleeds and thromboembolic events.

TL;DR: It is found that despite potential CV benefits, current research fails to justify use of higher intakes of vitamin C, soy isoflavones, garlic, and ω-3 for decreasing Lp(a) concentration.

TL;DR: TACE + apatinib can be of potential benefit to patients with advanced HCC with tumor thrombus in the first- and lower-order portal vein branches and the absence of main PVTT was an independent factor predictive of survival on uni- and multivariate analysis.

TL;DR: The findings from this systematic literature review and meta-analysis suggest that patients treated with DOACs and having risk factors such as history of recurrent thrombosis, a history of combined arterial and venous thromBosis, or a need for immunosuppressant treatment, may have higer ratio of thROMbotic recurrence.

TL;DR: The results show that suboptimal adherence to and persistence with bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal women are common and increase the risk of fracture.

TL;DR: It is reported for the first time that short-term colchicine therapy significantly reduces the local production of coronary chemokines, in part by attenuating production of these mediators by monocytes.

TL;DR: The use of various pharmacologic and interventional treatments for neonatal pain management allows for the incorporation of opioid-sparing techniques in neonates who are already at risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.

TL;DR: The findings highlight the need for further patient education and well-designed, observational switching studies as well as the collection and analysis of identifiable pharmacovigilance and postmarketing data of biologics, including biosimilars.

TL;DR: Gefitinib or erlotinib first-line and gene-guided osimertinib second-line strategies were the most cost-effective first- line treatments for EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC.

TL;DR: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning inflammation in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome are summarized, anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches that have been tested thus far are outlined, and the evidence supporting the potential role of colchicine in improving outcomes and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients after ACS is evaluated.

TL;DR: CDSSs appear to be useful for variables such as the percentage of appropriate empirical treatment in the hospital setting or to induce changes in antibiotics prescription rate, but more better quality studies are required to draw clearer conclusions in respect of morbidity and mortality outcome variables and other settings.

TL;DR: Recommendations were formulated according to 4 grades of strength for each specific topic (impetigo, skin abscesses, cellulitis, and orbital cellulitis) and expert opinion was considered fundamental due to lack of evidence.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine use on postoperative mortality and the prevalence of major complications after cardiac and noncardiac surgery were assessed.

TL;DR: The combination of propofol + ketamine maintained hemodynamic and respiratory stability, as evidenced by less hypotension, bradycardia, and hypoxia events, in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

TL;DR: Edoxaban therapy showed a good real-life performance among elderly patients (aged ≥75 years) with AF and a nonsignificant trend in improved adherence was observed between the EDO and VKA groups.

TL;DR: This commentary reviews what is currently known about the perspectives of patients and individuals at risk about predictive and preventive approaches for RA and identifies gaps to be addressed to inform the development of efficient preventive strategies.