Showing papers in "Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences in 2018"
TL;DR: Friction stir welding (FSW) has been termed as green technology due to its energy efficiency and environment friendliness as mentioned in this paper, which is an enabling technology for joining metallic materials, in particular lightweight high-strength aluminum and magnesium alloys.
Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW), a highly efficient solid-state joining technique, has been termed as “green” technology due to its energy efficiency and environment friendliness. It is an enabling technology for joining metallic materials, in particular lightweight high-strength aluminum and magnesium alloys which were classified as unweldable by traditional fusion welding. It is thus considered to be the most significant development in the area of material joining over the past two decades. Friction stir processing (FSP) was later developed based on the basic principles of FSW. FSP has been proven to be an effective and versatile metal-working technique for modifying and fabricating metallic materials. FSW/FSP of aluminum alloys has prompted considerable scientific and technological interest since it has a potential for revolutionizing the manufacturing process in the aerospace, defense, marine, automotive, and railway industries. To promote widespread applications of FSW/FSP technology and ensure t...
248 citations
TL;DR: Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as discussed by the authors display extraordinary properties of high strength, corrosion resistance, polymer-like formability, and excellent magnetic properties, and are emerging as modern quint...
Abstract: Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), that display extraordinary properties of high strength, corrosion resistance, polymer-like formability, and excellent magnetic properties, are emerging as modern quint...
168 citations
TL;DR: A review of the available literature published to date on the reinforcement of metals with carbon-nanofillers (CNTs and graphene), and a specific focus on issues related to the mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites is presented in this article.
Abstract: This article reviews the available literature published to date on the reinforcement of metals with carbon-nanofillers (CNTs and graphene), and also offers a specific focus on issues related to the mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites. Carbon-nanofillers (later denoted by C-nanofillers) are known to have extraordinary mechanical properties and multifaceted characteristics and are ideal candidates for the reinforcement of metals for numerous applications. However, their incorporation for practical applications has been challenging researchers for decades. The most important issue is uniform dispersion due to sizeable surface differences between carbon-nanofillers and metals. Other concerns are structural integrity, wetting with metals, and interfacial connections. Nanocomposite applications can only be effective when these challenges are properly addressed and overcome.Section 1 assesses the importance of C-nanofillers and expressly highlights current research efforts to optimiz...
110 citations
TL;DR: Friction stir processing (FSP) is a rapidly emerging newer solid-state technique for composite fabrication as discussed by the authors, which involves surface modification which in turn enables successful adaptation of surface p...
Abstract: Friction stir processing (FSP) is a rapidly emerging newer solid-state technique for composite fabrication. It involves surface modification which in turn enables successful adaptation of surface p...
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electronic, optical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of Graphene systems were examined for use in thermoe-lectric power generators, and the possibility of modification of graphene's band structure to enhance Seebeck coefficient and the reduction of its thermal conductivity was discussed.
Abstract: Thermoelectric power generators require high-efficiency thermoelectric materials to transform waste heat into usable electrical energy. An efficient thermoelectric material should have high Seebeck coefficient and excellent electrical conductivity as well as low thermal conductivity. Graphene, the first truly 2D nanomaterial, exhibits unique properties which suit it for use in thermoelectric power generators, but its application in thermoelectrics is limited by the high thermal conductivity and low Seebeck coefficient resulting from its gapless spectrum. However, with the possibility of modification of graphene's band structure to enhance Seebeck coefficient and the reduction of its thermal conductivity, it is an exciting prospect for application in thermoelectric power generation. This article examines the electronic, optical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of graphene systems. The factors that contribute to these material properties in graphene systems like charge carriers scattering mec...
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) especially graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical, physicochemical properties and in-vitro bio-functional performances of hydroxyapatite (HA) composites is discussed.
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and related materials have been frequently studied as ceramic-based bone graft materials due to their outstanding biocompatibility and osteoconduction. Since the bones are the load supporting parts of a vertebrate, they must have good fracture toughness (KIC) to avoid fracture at high loading during limb movements. However, the main shortcomings of HA are the poor fracture toughness and brittleness. The mechanical properties of HA need to be improved for orthopedic applications, therefore it is often fabricated with other materials into a composite. This article focuses on the effect of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) especially graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical, physicochemical properties and in-vitro bio-functional performances of HA. We provide an overview on the preparation and characterization of the HA–GNPs composites. To conclude, the challenges in the fabrication of multi-substituted HA–GNPs composites and future outlooks in the biomedical domain are discussed.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive literature review on thin film coatings for IC engine components deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique is presented, where issues related to tribological properties (wear and coefficient of friction) and mechanical properties (hardness and roughness) are also highlighted.
Abstract: Friction and wear in different engine components have crucial effects on the engine performance, combustion efficiency, oil consumption and lifetime of the internal combustion (IC) engine. Under certain loads, speeds, and temperatures, the metallic components of the IC engine, especially the piston and valve system suffer from a higher friction. Thin film coating is one of the novel techniques to reduce the frictional forces and improve the mechanical properties of engine components. Due to some versatile tribological properties, increasing attention has been paid to the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology in the recent decade to deposit thin film coating on engine components. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on thin film coatings for IC engine components deposited by PVD technique. Issues related to tribological properties (wear and coefficient of friction) and mechanical properties (hardness and roughness) are also highlighted. Scientific improvements are presented ...
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of microwave-assisted zinc oxide nanoparticles is presented, including solution-based methods such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, and combustion methods.
Abstract: Zinc Oxide is an important and multi-purpose material in various industries due to its particular chemical and physical properties. Discovering a cheap, fast, clean, safe, and easy to use method, to synthesize this oxide nanoparticle has attracted a lot of attention in recent applications. The unique properties of the microwave and its special heating capabilities have yielded desirable outcomes by combining different synthesis methods. In the recent years, the vast majority of studies focus on the microwave-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. This review article attempts to go over the recent advancements on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the aid of microwave, different morphologies and applications obtained by this method. Various microwave-assisted synthesis methods are classified, including the solution-based methods such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, and combustion methods. Morphology of the nanoparticles can affect the properties, and subsequently, applications of the...
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Ca-P-based composites have attracted great attention in the scientific community over the last decade for the development of biomedical applications, such as biomedical applications.
Abstract: Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) based composites have attracted great attention in the scientific community over the last decade for the development of biomedical applications. Among such Ca-P-based struc...
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe SnO2 and In2O3 metal oxides as materials for designing solid state conductometric ozone sensors and provide a detailed description of the SnO 2 and In 2O3 films' structural parameters.
Abstract: This article describes in detail the SnO2 and In2O3 metal oxides as materials for designing solid state conductometric ozone sensors. The main focus of this article is on the description of the SnO2 and In2O3 films' structural parameters important for gas sensor design and on the establishment of the main regularities of the film parameters influence on the sensor characteristics. Advantages and disadvantages of approaches used for optimization of ozone sensor parameters are also analyzed. In particular, surface modification, bulk doping of SnO2 and In2O3, and the use of 1D structures and hybrid materials are considered. The main factors, controlling parameters of SnO2- and In2O3-based ozone sensors, are determined, and recommendations for the process of the SnO2 and In2O3 films deposition, facilitating the search of the film parameters and the fabrication technologies that optimize the ozone sensor performance, are formulated.
37 citations
TL;DR: The field of metallurgy has greatly benefited from the development of electron microscopy over the last two decades as discussed by the authors, which has become a powerful tool for the investigat....
Abstract: The field of metallurgy has greatly benefited from the development of electron microscopy over the last two decades. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has become a powerful tool for the investigat...
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin-orbit coupling, locking the momentum of an electron to its spin, has been shown essential for giving rise to many novel physical behaviors, such as the ability of the electron to change its spin.
Abstract: Spin–orbit coupling, locking the momentum of an electron to its spin, has been shown essential for giving rise to many novel physical behaviors. SrIrO3 is a typical metallic member of the strong sp...
TL;DR: In this paper, the strategy to exploit the nano-ionics of enhancing the ionic conductivity is discussed and the novel applications of nanoionics for the resistive switching memories are summarized.
Abstract: Oxide-based ionic conductors have attracted tremendous research interests due to their wide applications in energy storage and conversion devices, such as photovoltaics, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Extensive efforts have been undertaken to improve the ionic conductivity of existing materials along with the development of novel conductors. The recent advance of ionic conductors in nanoscale demonstrated their ultra–high ionic conductivity for the promising applications in energy sector. In this work, recent progresses of conventional oxide conductors and the development of novel conductors are reviewed in details. The strategy to exploit the nanoionics of enhancing the ionic conductivity is discussed. Furthermore, the novel applications of nanoionics for the resistive switching memories are summarized.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give an introduction to the phase-field modeling technique with particular attention for models describing phenomena important in extractive metallurgy, such as solid-state phase transformations, fracture, etc.
Abstract: The phase-field method has already proven its usefulness to simulate microstructural evolution for several applications, e.g., during solidification, solid-state phase transformations, fracture, etc. This wide variety of applications follows from its diffuse-interface approach. Moreover, it is straightforward to take different driving forces into account. The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to the phase-field modelling technique with particular attention for models describing phenomena important in extractive metallurgy. The concept of diffuse interfaces, the phase-field variables, the thermodynamic driving force for microstructure evolution and the phase-field equations are discussed. Some of the possibilities to solve the equations describing microstructural evolution are also described, followed by possibilities to make the phase-field models quantitative and the phase-field modelling of the microstructural phenomena important in extractive metallurgy, i.e., multiphase field mo...
TL;DR: In this article, an enhanced insight into the analysis of in-plane shear behavior of woven fabrics is presented, and two common methods have been used to characterize the shear behaviour of woven prefo...
Abstract: This article attempts to bring an enhanced insight into the analysis of in-plane shear behavior of woven fabrics. Two common methods have been used to characterize the shear behavior of woven prefo...