Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Plant Biology in 2002"

TL;DR: The accumulation of red or purple flavonoids is a hallmark of plant stress and mounting evidence points to diverse physiological functions for these compounds in the stress response.

TL;DR: Plant defense in response to microbial attack is regulated through a complex network of signaling pathways that involve three signaling molecules: salicylic acid,jasmonic acid and ethylene.

TL;DR: Signalling roles for hydrogen peroxide during abscisic-acid-mediated stomatal closure, auxin-regulated root gravitropism and tolerance of oxygen deprivation are now evident.

TL;DR: Transcriptional control of the expression of stress-responsive genes is a crucial part of the plant response to a range of abiotic and biotic stresses, and some of the complexity and overlap in the responses to different stresses are revealed.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellin in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination has been investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana.

TL;DR: Haplotype-based analysis is more informative than analysis based on individual SNPs, and has more power in analyzing association with phenotypes in crop species such as corn and soybean.

TL;DR: The rapid progress in elucidating the biosynthetic pathways, enzymes, and genes involved in the formation of plant volatiles allows their physiology and function to be rigorously investigated at the molecular and biochemical levels.

TL;DR: Analysis of transgenic plants genetically engineered to express enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of various compatible solutes has begun to clarify the roles of compatible solute in stress tolerance.

TL;DR: The completed Arabidopsis genome sequence revealed an extraordinary complexity in MAPK-signalling components in plants, one of which appears to antagonistically regulate stress- and growth-responses and another that regulates cytokinesis.

TL;DR: New insights into the enzymes of the pathway have required a complete re-evaluation of how lignin precursors are synthesized, and it has become apparent that many of the hydroxylation and methylation steps in the pathway occur at the level of hydroxycinnamic acid esters, and their corresponding aldehydes and alcohols.

TL;DR: Major research has helped to illuminate some of the principal characteristics of constitutive defenses, including mechanisms of action and synergistic effects, as well as strategies used by herbivores and pathogens to circumvent them.

TL;DR: Increasing evidence indicates that the collective biological importance of oxylipins in plants is comparable to that of the eicosanoid family of lipid mediators in animals.

TL;DR: Induction of high activity of the Mehler ascorbate peroxidase pathway may be associated with acclimation to environmental stress, and appears to play a critical photoprotective role, substituting for CO(2) in sustaining electron flow.

TL;DR: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are similar to those activating innate immune responses in animals have been shown to mediate the activation of plant defense, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of pathogen defense systems in higher eukaryotes.

TL;DR: The biochemical and physiological adaptations of plants to low temperatures include the post-translational activation and increased expression of enzymes of the sucrose synthesis pathway, the changed expression of Calvin cycle enzymes, and changes in the leaf protein content.

TL;DR: Nucleotide diversity is also being used to discover the function of genes through the mapping of quantitative trait loci in structured populations, the positional cloning of strong QTL, and association mapping.

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses indicate that, despite its large size, the Arabidopsis Rab family lacks most of the Rab subclasses found in mammals and has undergone a distinct 'adaptive radiation' that has given rise to proteins that may perform plant-specific functions.

TL;DR: The identification of gene products that are encoded at these loci is allowing these possibilities to be tested, and it is rarely clear whether these apparent linkages reflect direct or indirect interactions between sugar and hormone signaling pathways.

TL;DR: The availability of new resources, such as a bacterial artificial chromosome library and a huge collection of expressed sequence tags, has opened the gateway to promising functional analyses on a genomic scale.

TL;DR: Models of how signalling pathways could operate in acclimation to excess light, including components of photosynthetic electron transport chains, reactive oxygen species, redox-responsive protein kinases, thiol-regulated enzymes, chlorophyll precursors and chloroplast-envelope electron Transport chains all have roles are provided.

TL;DR: To determine the true costs of resistance in crops and the likely benefit of resistance genes in new cultivars, however, other aspects of the plant's phenotype must be studied alongside resistance.

TL;DR: The conceptual separation of different forms of resistance costs simplifies the study of mechanisms by which these costs arise, yet integrative measures of fitness must be applied under natural conditions to fully understand the costs and benefits of induced resistance.

TL;DR: These include the activation of a MAP kinase cascade and triggering of an oxidative burst by phosphatidic acid; the regulation of ion channels and proton pumps by lysophospholipids and free fatty acids; and the conversion offree fatty acids into bioactive octadecanoids such as jasmonic acid.

TL;DR: The high level of polymorphism of both PGIPs and polygalacturonases is an invaluable tool for deciphering the structure, function and evolution of plant LRR proteins and their ligands and paves the way to the development of efficient strategies for crop protection.

TL;DR: The characterization of cell wall mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, combined with biochemical approaches toward the purification and characterization of glycosyltransferases, has led to significant advances in understanding cell wall synthesis and the properties of cell walls.

TL;DR: Comparisons of the developmental PCD mechanisms of plants and other organisms are providing important insights into the detailed characteristics of developmentalPCD in plants.

TL;DR: The production of AHL mimics by plants and the identification of AHL degradative pathways suggest that bacteria and plants utilize this method of bacterial communication as a key control point for influencing the outcome of their interactions.

TL;DR: Field studies have demonstrated repeatable increases in the herbivore resistance of plants growing downwind of damaged plants and transcriptional changes that occur in plants in response to certain volatiles.

TL;DR: Increasing evidence supports a role of PLD in the abscisic acid signaling cascades and the mechanism by which Ca(2+), phosphoinositides, and G proteins regulate certain PLDs is better understood.

TL;DR: Two recent reports have indicated that RGL1 and RGL2, both homologous to the GA-response height-regulating factors GAI/RGA/RHT/d8/SLR1/SLN1, are repressors of seed germination in Arabidopsis, providing new clues as to how GA controls seeds germination.