Showing papers in "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease in 2007"

TL;DR: The morbidity and cost for cure associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have recently become more complicated because of the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens associated with this healthcare problem.

TL;DR: Clonal spread appears to be a dominant factor of MDR VRE dissemination on both continents, and further monitoring is critical to assist in the control of these resistant pathogens.

TL;DR: Almost 1 in 4 patients with candidemia will have a polymicrobial bloodstream infection involving Candida, which may have treatment implications for clinicians as detection of bloodborne infections evolves toward nonculture methodologies.

TL;DR: It is recommended that short-term XIVC be used for cost-effective screening of fresh fecal specimens for Blastocystis infection to generate valid prevalence estimates and to identify isolates for molecular characterization in studies aiming to illuminate the molecular epidemiology of BlastocyStis.

TL;DR: It is hypothesize that the stx genotype and perhaps other yet unknown virulence factors rather than the amount of Stx or the in vitro cytotoxicity correlate with the development of HUS.

TL;DR: A simple alternative molecular method based on allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 5' portion of the rfb locus that allowed us to determine the O types of 153 strains previously typed using reference methods with an accuracy exceeding 90%.

TL;DR: The 2006 LEADER program processed 5374 strains from 50 medical centers located within the 9 US census regions; species and number tested by broth microdilution (% linezolid susceptible) included S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci.

TL;DR: The inadequate initial therapy associated with mortality indicates the need for additional investigations to define high-risk patients for beneficial antifungal prophylaxis, and the independent variables associated with poor prognosis were inadequateInitial therapy and high APACHE III score.

TL;DR: Analysis of clinical data and clearer understanding of the role of chemical structure in the development of cross-reactivity indicate that the increased risk of an allergic reaction to certain cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients is smaller than previously postulated.

TL;DR: C. tropicalis is a leading cause of candidemia in Brazil, and its epidemiology is similar to that of C. albicans, and in adults and elderly patients, diabetes was the 2nd most frequent underlying disease.

TL;DR: Of 53 fungal isolates, cross-reactivity was observed with 5 non-Aspergillus spp.

TL;DR: The comparative bactericidal activities of daptomycin were similar to those of vancomycin and clindamycin, but were significantly greater than those of linezolid, teicoplanin, and TMP/SMX against CAMRSA at 24-h terminal end points.

TL;DR: A novel CTX-M type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among 7 patients who had infection with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae at a university hospital in Thailand showed reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime.

TL;DR: Combination of 2 or all 3 of the biomarkers may improve the discriminatory power in delineating bacterial versus viral etiology in LRTI.

TL;DR: The Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance (PATH Alliance) is a registry that collects data on patients with IFIs at medical centers in North America, and significant trends and treatment practices concerning yeasts and moulds were observed.

TL;DR: The data indicate that analysis of the dnaJ gene sequences can be used as a powerful marker for phylogenetic study and identification at the species level of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

TL;DR: The IgG avidity test can be used to rapidly distinguish between chronic and acute infection on the first sample from a pregnant woman, provided there is no underlying immunodepression and no ongoing antitoxoplasmic treatment.

TL;DR: It is shown that CA-MRSA strains in Hong Kong have diverse genetic backgrounds and has a propensity to spread within families.

TL;DR: Despite that azole resistance was a rare finding, a trend toward increased resistance among C. rugosa strains to FCZ and ITZ was noted.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a cefoxitin test can be used alone to predict mecA-mediated resistance in S. aureus.

TL;DR: The data showed that this multiplex PCR method represented a robust tool for the specific and rapid detection of the 5 major pathogenic Vibrio species.

TL;DR: Results show that the modified LightCycler Taqman assay could be used as a replacement of culture for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira in a clinical setting.

TL;DR: This is the largest report using inhaled polymyxin B to treat nosocomial pneumonia by MR-GNB that had failed intravenous polymyXin B, and it was also effective alone in P. aeruginosa tracheobronchitis.

TL;DR: Linezolid, with surgery, may be a reasonable alternative for Gram-positive orthopedic infections and is recommended for weekly hematologic monitoring, and, if therapy lasts >2 months, periodic ophthalmologic monitoring.

TL;DR: A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the simultaneous detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp.

TL;DR: The Binax NOW Influenza A & B assay performed as well as other rapid assays, and the sensitivities for all rapid tests were significantly higher for nasopharyngeal samples than for throat swabs.

TL;DR: Daptomycin was very active against all indicated species (>99% susceptible), with the highest MIC results being 2, 8, 0.5, and 1 microg/mL for staphylococci, enterococci; and no significant loss in potency was observed over the period studied.

TL;DR: Because of matrix effects and a generally low positive response, the LFAs are unsuitable for the direct detection of the toxin, but can be a helpful tool in screening bacterial cultures for toxigenic Clostridium botulinum if further validated according to the laboratory needs.

TL;DR: Clonal diversity was high even between isolates producing the same combinations of 2 or 3 beta-lactamases, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella oxytoca unrelated clinical isolates obtained in Salamanca, Spain.

TL;DR: The BA disk test using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology is simple and very efficient method to detect pAmpC and ESBL in organisms naturally lacking chromosomal AmpC enzymes, in particular, the method accurately detects the isolates that harbor both AmpCs andESBLs.