Showing papers in "Earth-Science Reviews in 2002"

TL;DR: The existence of a supercontinent existing before Rodinia, referred to herein as Columbia, a name recently proposed by Rogers and Santosh [Gondwana Res. 5 (2002) 5] for a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic super-continent, was confirmed by available lithostratigraphic, tectonothermal, geochronological and paleomagnetic data as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Antimony is ubiquitously present in the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities as discussed by the authors and is considered to be priority pollutants interest by the USEPA and the EU.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined past trends in the concentration of methane in the atmosphere, the sources and sinks that determine its growth rate, and the factors that will affect its growth rates in the future.

TL;DR: A review of the literature on surface dissolution of sedimentary carbonate minerals can be found in this paper, where the authors summarize important findings from the hundreds of papers constituting the large literature on this topic that has steadily evolved over the last half century.

TL;DR: In this article, the main characteristics of the solution chemistry of antimony in relation to its behaviour and fate in natural waters are discussed based on a careful and systematic examination of a comprehensive collection of solution equilibrium and environmentally oriented studies, some published more than 100 years ago.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the nature of the phenomenon of "mud volcanism" with respect to degassing of deeply buried sediments and discuss the basic mechanisms of mud volcano formation, specifically the fluid-pressure hypothesis, and some triggering events.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors classify the most common types of landslides as debris avalanches, slumps, and debris flows on the western Canary Islands as follows: Debris avalanches are long runout catastrophic failures which typically affect only the superficial part of the island volcanic sequence, up to a maximum thickness of 1 to 2 km.

TL;DR: Gupta et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the role of artificial water reservoirs in triggering earthquakes and addressed the relocation of earthquakes, stress drop, nucleation, migration and other important aspects of these earthquakes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the objective characteristic of the type of sedimentary support, which largely determines the sedimentary composition of the deposit, and classified organic reef structures into three main classes: segment reef, matrix-supported and skeleton-supported reefs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the data on mantle xenoliths from basalts to support degassing models based on the assumption of limited indigenous carbon isotope variability within the mantle, nor the supposition that all 13 C depleted carbon is of surface origin.

TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model of a coastal sabkha near the Arabian Gulf is used as an example to illustrate the various water and solute fluxes, and it is shown that upward flux of ground water from underlying formations could be a major source of solutes in the Sabkha, but contribute only a small volume of the water.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the understanding of the geometry and development of steep, planar normal faults with up to hundreds of meters throw in multilayered sedimentary rocks and emphasized the role of interaction and linkage between fault segments.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize present studies on microbial production and oxidation of methane in the deep subsurface environments, including water-flooded oil fields, deep sandy aquifers, deep sea hydrothermal vents, the deep sediments and granitic groundwater at depths of 10 to 2000 m below sea level.

TL;DR: A review of existing methods reveals a number of fundamental statistical problems associated with the use of univariate statistics and the construction of so-called hexagonal fields of compositional variation, and it is shown that these problems can be overcome by using multivariate methods that honour the non-negativity and unit-sum constraints on compositional data, and incorporate the covariance structure as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a reality check by undoing 10 of these turbidite myths, including: 1) turbidity currents are high-velocity flows with multiple sediment-support mechanisms, and 2) flute structures are indicative only of flow erosion, not deposition.

TL;DR: In this paper, the morphology and chronostratigraphy of a range of Holocene fringing reefs are described, on the basis of which six fringing reef growth models are identified.

TL;DR: The Carolina Zone is an amalgamation of mainly Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic metaigneous-dominated terranes that are clustered along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians.

TL;DR: In this paper, a geodynamic model of the Inter-Andean region of southern Ecuador has been developed, based on fission-track analysis of zircon fission track data.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on the India-Asia collision can be found, where it is shown that India is a rigid indenter responsible for the diffused deformation in the Hinterland of the Himalaya.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the tectonothermal evolution of West Avalonia in mainland Nova Scotia, Appalachian orogen, provides an excellent example of the application of Sm-Nd isotopic analyses to tectonic studies.

TL;DR: A review of geophysical and geological data of the Ionian Sea and surrounding areas leads to envisage the Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous Ionian sea region as a "cul-de-sac" type basin enclosed by shallow-water carbonate banks, connecting the Apulia carbonate platform to Peloponnesus, northern Cyrenaica, Cyrene Seamount and Medina Ridge as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Two-stage development of landforms has been appreciated for more than two centuries with respect to minor features, and major forms and landscapes have been viewed in similar terms for almost a hundred years.

TL;DR: In this paper, a description of peridesertic loess deposits and possible non-glacial origins for silt size quartz are reviewed, including direct release from weathered bedrock, and methods by which sufficient energy can be imparted to sand size grains to release silt-size fragments.

TL;DR: A review of structures developed in extensional high-grade terrains, combined with results of centrifuge analogue modelling, illustrates the range of fold styles and mechanisms for folding of amphibolite to granulite facies rocks during rifting or the collapse of a thrust-thickened orogen as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for the dating of land surfaces based on the relationship of surfaces with volcanic deposits, old shorelines, and genetically related sedimentary sequences, and correlation with dated duricrusts and faults.

TL;DR: A detailed analysis of the kinematics and rheology of structures and fabrics is made in this paper, leading to an integrated flow history of the volcanic rocks, including the textures of coherent volcanic rocks.

TL;DR: Investigations of three such scales drawn from the fields of sedimentology, paleontology, and geomorphology using the analytical tools of geometric morphometrics suggests that one reason for this difficulty is that the exemplars drawn from sets of real objects often exhibit shape differences other than those under nominal consideration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the principal results of the studies in mid-oceanic ridges (MOR) seismicity and their implications for geodynamics and concluded that the seismic moment release, fault length and spreading rate are quite different for transform and rift parts of MOR; this confirms the difference in the geometry of their respective earthquake source volumes.

TL;DR: In this article, the ages for core formation, Xe closure, and formation of the earliest crust using U-Pb, Hf-W, I-Pu-U-Xe, Sm-Nd, and Nb-Zr systems are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different continuum models that have been proposed to characterize the heterogeneous flow field around rigid inclusions, focusing on recent developments is presented, highlighting the controls of physical and kinematic factors on the progressive development of the structures mentioned above.