Showing papers in "European Planning Studies in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use data from European regions' participation in collaborative research projects promoted by the 7th Framework Programme for research and innovation to investigate relative and absolute advantages in the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0.
Abstract: Industry 4.0 is a name used to indicate a ‘fourth industrial revolution’, characterised by the emergence of smart factories in which cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes and communicate with each other and human beings in real time. European Member States and regions are committed to adapt their innovation systems to the trends of Industry 4.0 and Europe as a whole is facing the challenge of finding a balance between promoting research and innovation excellence and putting less advanced regions in the position to benefit from the ongoing industrial revolution. However, relatively little is known about the magnitude of this economic phenomenon, the comparative advantages of countries and regions and their technological specialisation. We use data from European regions’ participation in collaborative research projects promoted by the 7th Framework Programme for research and innovation to investigate relative and absolute advantages in the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0. Data are ...
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different ULL Labs is presented, focusing on the transition towards more sustainable and climate-resilient cities, and different types of urban living labs.
Abstract: Innovations in urban governance such as Urban Living Labs (ULL) are expected to accelerate the transition towards more sustainable and climate-resilient cities. This article reviews different ULL a...
101 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared different variants of systemic and multi-scalar policy concepts for new regional industrial path development and showed that more recent models pay more attention to the direction of innovation and change, and to policy approaches for achieving more sustainable forms of development.
Abstract: How new regional growth paths emerge and what policy concepts are most adequate for nurturing their evolution constitute recurring themes in regional innovation and development studies. New industrial paths are often portrayed as the result of market-driven processes and Schumpeterian entrepreneurial efforts. This view goes along with a neoliberal policy approach that restricts the role of public interventions to setting up a suitable regulatory frame and supporting an entrepreneurial climate. The theoretical underpinnings and policy perspectives of this approach have been challenged by the innovation system literature, which offers a systemic view on the rise of new growth paths and advocates a more proactive role of public policy. This paper investigates the role of policy models beyond these traditional ones. We contrast different variants of systemic and multi-scalar policy concepts for new regional industrial path development. Our literature-based study shows that more recent models go beyond new path development and growth per se, paying more attention to the direction of innovation and change, and to policy approaches for achieving more sustainable forms of development. We scrutinize the theoretical and empirical bases of these new policy models and discuss why they are superior to neoliberal and older systemic ones.
87 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual and analytical framework is proposed to support the design and implementation of smart specialization policies considering place-specific preconditions, particularly the differentiation of the regional system of innovation and entrepreneurship and the degree of current industrial diversification.
Abstract: New industrial innovation policies like smart specialization aim at boosting economic growth by diversification towards more complex and higher value economic activities. This paper proposes a conceptual and analytical framework to support the design and implementation of such policies considering place-specific preconditions, particularly the differentiation of the regional system of innovation and entrepreneurship and the degree of current industrial diversification. The paper expands on the links between these preconditions and the barriers and opportunities for industrial diversification. Consequently, it proposes an archetypical place-based policy framework covering overall policy objectives as well as measures at the level of actors, networks, and the institutional and organizational support structures.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of negative population change on economic performance, income levels and well-being patterns in rural areas in Western Europe by analyzing the case of Austria.
Abstract: Many rural regions in Europe used to be characterized by weak economic performance and negative population development. While in a long-term perspective this is not any more valid for large parts of Western Europe, a number of rural regions face persistent population decline. By analysing the case of Austria, where approximately one-third of rural areas have experienced such negative population change over the past decades, this paper will examine the impact on economic performance, income levels and well-being patterns. Addressing the crucial and persistent obstacles to positive population trends, new theoretical approaches and perspectives are discussed for overcoming limitations in development. Future approaches for regional development have to go beyond strategies for targeting economic growth, but have to address issues of local participation, social innovation and establishing trust as preconditions to effectively impact well-being dimensions. Such a mobilization effort would be the result o...
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the concept of the entrepreneurial university by examining roles of academic entrepreneurship departments in driving regional economic development outcomes and find that while a wealth of resources is available in the academic community, entrepreneurship departments are not.
Abstract: This paper investigates the concept of the entrepreneurial university by examining roles of academic entrepreneurship departments in driving regional economic development outcomes. While a wealth o ...
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the influence of urban green spaces on residential property prices in Leipzig, Germany, by applying a hedonic pricing analysis, which complements the existing literature by considering both sale and rental prices for flats and houses.
Abstract: In the light of global urbanization and biodiversity loss, ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces (UGS) are becoming increasingly important, not least as a recovery and recreation opportunity for citizens. The valuation of UGS is significant for urban planners, who make decisions on the creation or removal of UGS. We analysed the influence of UGS on residential property prices in Leipzig, Germany, by applying a hedonic pricing analysis. This analysis complements the existing literature by considering both sale and rental prices for flats and houses; moreover, the shape of UGS is taken into account explicitly; finally, it is the first study in Germany to analyse UGS in hedonic studies to such an extent. The results demonstrate that the size of the nearest UGS has a stronger impact on prices compared to the distance from it. With respect to shape, we found that the simpler the UGS shape, the higher the prices. Although we find an impact of UGS on prices, the impact is smaller than that of...
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors pointed out that shrinkage since the collapse of state socialism has been evident in many Russian cities, especially in small and medium-sized (SMS) ones.
Abstract: Shrinkage since the collapse of state socialism has been evident in many Russian cities, especially in small and medium-sized (SMS) ones. The Russian state, de jure, has been promoting the idea of ...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the overall direction of established and orthodox planning approaches that are predominantly based on growth-oriented paradigms and implicitly or explicitly work with dichotomous categories such as core-periphery and metropolitan versus non-metropolitan spaces do not capture local realities in these cases.
Abstract: Periods of ongoing growth in the economy and demographics have come to a halt for many European regions for various reasons, challenging their economic development prospects. Despite the heterogeneous nature of stagnation, decline, peripheralization or even stigmatization to be found there, these configurations ‘beyond growth’ have in common that short-term ‘fire-fighting’ policy approaches aiming to foster regional economic growth face some important limitations. We argue that this has to do, among other things, with the overall direction of established and orthodox planning approaches that are predominantly based on growth-oriented paradigms and implicitly or explicitly work with dichotomous categories such as core–periphery and metropolitan versus non-metropolitan spaces; these do, however, not capture local realities in these cases. Using the notion of non-core regions, we plead for conceptualizing non-core regions and their regional economic development trajectories in different ways: thinkin...
45 citations
TL;DR: The emergence of Smart Specialisation as a place-based policy has attracted much scholarly debate as mentioned in this paper, however, interest on the topic has been devoted principally to the process of entrepreneurial discov...
Abstract: The emergence of Smart Specialisation as place-based policy has attracted much scholarly debate. However, interest on the topic has been devoted principally to the process of entrepreneurial discov...
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between Industrial Districts (IDs; clusters of interconnected local industries) and migrant enclaves (areas with a high concentration of international migrants from a singl...
Abstract: So far, the relationship between Industrial Districts (IDs; clusters of interconnected local industries) and migrant enclaves (areas with a high concentration of international migrants from a singl...
TL;DR: In this article, a bibliometric analysis is presented to tackle the issue of fuzziness and stretching concerning regional resilience with the help of that analysis, the authors identified three groups of research on regional resilience, urban ecology and policies (red), economic dynamics and regional evolutionary perspectives (green), and crisis management and engineering/modelling (blue).
Abstract: Regional resilience has been criticized in the literature for being fuzzy Based on that criticism one could expect it to suffer from conceptual stretching, that is that authors mean different things when they write about regional resilience In this paper for the first time, a bibliometric analysis is presented to tackle the issue of fuzziness and stretching concerning regional resilience With the help of that analysis, we identified three groups of research on regional resilience, urban ecology and policies (red), economic dynamics and regional evolutionary perspectives (green) and crisis management and engineering/modelling (blue) We also identified the key papers cited in these groups In a second step, our qualitative analysis reveals that the divide between the red and green groups is not large and that the blue group is relatively isolated Overall, the concept of regional resilience seems to be less stretched than we expected on the basis of the criticism expressed in the literature
TL;DR: Spatial planning using a landscape approach has been recognized as being essential for reconciling ecological, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions in sustainable development (SuD). Although embra... as mentioned in this paper, the authors
Abstract: Spatial planning using a landscape approach has been recognized as being essential for reconciling ecological, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions in sustainable development (SuD). Although embra ...
TL;DR: Neoliberalization is a variegated series of processes with a core policy set that comprises: liberalization, deregulation, privatization, recommodification, internationalization, reductions in dire... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Neoliberalization is a variegated series of processes with a core policy set that comprises: liberalization, deregulation, privatization, recommodification, internationalization, reductions in dire...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the processes of suburbanization and sprawl in two post-socialist capital cities in Southeast Europe, Belgrade, Serbia and Sofia, Bulgaria.
Abstract: The goal of this research is to examine the processes of suburbanization and sprawl in two post-socialist capital cities in Southeast Europe – Belgrade, Serbia and Sofia, Bulgaria. Our analysis beg...
TL;DR: The authors search for a regional planning conception that allows for a mutual recognition and practical translation between strategies for urban regions and peripheries beyond separate separate urban areas, by searching for a common conceptual framework.
Abstract: This contribution searches for a regional planning conception that allows for a mutual recognition and practical translation between strategies for urban regions and peripheries beyond separate urb...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the territorial effects of the LEADER approach in Southern Europe, by analyzing the region of Andalusia (Spain) and revealed that, in many cases, projects were conc...
Abstract: This paper studies the territorial effects of the LEADER approach in Southern Europe, by analysing the region of Andalusia (Spain). Our research has revealed that, in many cases, projects were conc...
TL;DR: In this paper, the brokerage roles that supporting institutions play in conducting local business and applying technical knowledge inside clusters are examined in depth, and the objective of this research is to examine in depth the broker roles that support local business.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to examine in depth the brokerage roles that supporting institutions play in conducting local business and applying technical knowledge inside clusters. We identif...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an estimation of the contribution of higher education institutions (HEIs) to economic growth and the Gross Domestic Product per capita of the European (EU) countries over the pe...
Abstract: This paper presents an estimation of the contribution of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to economic growth and the Gross Domestic Product per capita of the European (EU) countries over the pe...
TL;DR: Based on a study in four Norwegian cities (Oslo, Stavanger/Sandnes, Bergen and Trondheim) differing in size and centre structure, the authors illuminates how residential and workplace loca...
Abstract: Based on a study in four Norwegian cities (Oslo, Stavanger/Sandnes, Bergen and Trondheim) differing in size and centre structure, this article illuminates how residential and workplace loca...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present several obstacles to establish tourism governance policies in a border area and to improve the conceptualization of tourism in border territories transcending the transnational level.
Abstract: There are several obstacles to establish tourism governance policies in a border area and to improve the conceptualization of tourism in border territories transcending the transnational level, usi...
TL;DR: In this article, urban settlements increasingly use green areas in the search for achieving sustainability and resilience, and the first step is to use green spaces in order to achieve sustainable and resilient urban environments.
Abstract: Faced with growing economic, social and environmental challenges, urban settlements increasingly use green areas in the search for achieving sustainability and resilience The first step is typical
TL;DR: Innovation comprises both novelty and practiceability as mentioned in this paper, and these two dimensions of innovation correlate partly negatively in an analysis of survey data about planning processes in declining rural distr...
Abstract: Innovation comprises both novelty and practicability. These two dimensions of innovation correlate partly negatively in our analysis of survey data about planning processes in declining rural distr...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse regional growth factors in Central and Eastern European countries in the pre- and post-crisis era, focusing on core (metropolitan) and non-core (non-metropolitan).
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to analyse regional growth factors in Central and Eastern European Countries in the pre- and post-crisis era. The comparison is focused on core (metropolitan) and non-core (non-metropolitan) regions. The study found that the development processes of the analysed groups of regions were in many respects similar. Achieving a high level of development in the context of post-socialist transformation was possible mainly owing to exogenous factors such as the influx of foreign direct investment (FDI) and multimodal transport accessibility. In the case of endogenous factors, the number of small- and medium-sized enterprises per capita was of cardinal importance for a high level of development, but it was no guarantee of fast growth dynamics in non-core regions. The main differences between the core and non-core regions included the role of human capital and migrations as metropolitan regions represented growth poles which trained qualified specialists and served as destinations for...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that alternatives to growth-oriented models require additional conceptualization and analysis to translate values into poli... and propose alternative models for non-core regions.
Abstract: The development of non-core regions has attracted growing interest within the current debates of economic geography, regional studies and spatial planning. The divergence between economically successful core regions and less privileged non-core regions continues despite policy interventions aimed at tackling spatial disparities and income inequalities. While traditional growth-oriented policies raise concerns over their effectiveness and relevance beyond large cities and metropolitan regions, there is growing interest in exploring new research paths and policy options that are better able to address development challenges in non-core regions. Contributors to this special issue engage with these debates by reflecting on planning policies and practices in five European countries, paying special attention to identifying planning strategies for non-core regions. This paper argues that alternatives to growth-oriented models require additional conceptualization and analysis to translate values into poli...
TL;DR: The idea of nature in the city has become increasingly intricate, evolving from being viewed as a refuge separate from the city to being understood as an essent essent... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Over the course of the past century, the idea of nature in the city has become increasingly intricate, evolving from being viewed as a refuge separate from the city to being understood as an essent...
TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated by banks via foreclosures in the city of Barcelona are identified, using a new data source and geolocalised.
Abstract: The article identifies the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated by banks via foreclosures in the city of Barcelona. Working with a new data source, we geolocalised...
TL;DR: In this paper, the roles of institutions in facilitating or impeding the creation of new technological pathways in different countries are analyzed, and it is argued that the successful invention, innovation a...
Abstract: This paper analyses the roles of institutions in facilitating or impeding the creation of new technological pathways in different countries. It is argued that the successful invention, innovation a...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the analysis of traditional retail markets, a retail concept that has lost its relevance in previous decades, and analyze the ongoing process of market rehabilitation in Lisbon to determine whether evidence of retail gentrification has occurred.
Abstract: The relationship between cities and retail is strong and historical. This article focuses on the analysis of traditional retail markets, a retail concept that has lost its relevance in previous decades. However, more recently there has been a reversal of this trend following increased interest in the rehabilitation of these markets. This reinvestment follows the divestment stage and is characterised by the active role that private interests play in the management and operation of these retail precincts. This evolutionary process challenges the capacity of traditional retailers to continue their operations in these markets and the ability of disadvantaged customers to continue shopping there. Furthermore, this development may be indicative of retail gentrification. In this article, the ongoing process of market rehabilitation in Lisbon is analysed to determine whether evidence of retail gentrification has occurred. The use of case studies forms a significant part of the methodology. In addition, el...
TL;DR: Regional design, long a backbone for spatial planning, even if under other names, has become topical again for two reasons -as a key strategy and as a key tool in spatial management as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Regional design, long a backbone for spatial planning, even if under other names, has become topical again for two reasons – as a key strategy and as a key tool in spatial management. This is due to several reasons. New conditions of urbanization that result from the convergence of several factors highlight the need for spatial strategy formation and application at supra-metropolitan scales. These new conditions include globalization, climate change, booming urban population, increased mobility and interconnectivity, and new infrastructure technologies. These forces driving urbanization today and into the future play out at the urban scale, which is increasingly encompassed in the city-region. The solutions to the impacts and problems that these forces cause must be dealt with by a strategic urbanism at a scale that matches. This scale of urbanism can be denoted as regional design. To justify these claims and to understand the origins of regional design and its relevance today and into the future, the master strokes in its history are presented next. After that, we discuss current concepts and practices in regional design. In conclusion, we offer answers to the question: why a resurgence of regional design?