Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 1986"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of experimental data which point out that coal organic matter consists of a cross-linked macromolecular network and a complex mixture of relatively small molecules.

TL;DR: In this article, coal pre-treatment by low-temperature dry hydrogenation, prior to higher temperature liquefaction in the presence of solvent, improved the overall conversion and product selectivity of both bituminous and subbituminous coals.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mild treatment at 460 K was found to be sufficient to remove most minerals and yet to avoid any substantial loss of heating value, while the reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction.

TL;DR: In this article, solvent swelling measurements have been used to follow changes in cross-link density due to pyrolysis, and the absence of any effect of solvent swelling on these diffusion rates was discussed without resolution and data were presented on the activation energy for diffusion and the effect of reagent size.

TL;DR: In this paper, the extraction of five Victorian brown coals with supercritical water in a semi-continuous reactor was investigated, and the extracts were separated into oils, asphaltenes and pre-asphaltene and these were studied by NMR spectroscopy combined with elemental, OH and molecular weight analyses.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that bitumen, heavy oils, residua and related liquids can be used to liquefy coal, and that the extent of liquefaction and the yields of distillable oils vary and depend upon the type of solvent and process conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe their current research into the removal of chlorine from Illinois coal in an economical and environmentally acceptable manner using a high temperature leaching technique and show that the chlorine removal efficiency is increased by higher temperatures (up to 93.3°C) and is increased with smaller particle sizes (minus 100 mesh).

TL;DR: The hydrogen-donatability of coal-related model compounds such as benzophenone, trans-stilbene, anthracene, and 9-benzylphenanthrene is investigated in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of coal liquid bottom (CLB) derived from Victorian brown coal under various liquefaction conditions (temperature of 430-470°C, pressure of 9.8-24.5 MPa and solvent or bottom recycle modes) were investigated by using continuous process development units.

TL;DR: In this article, coal liquefaction of Taiheiyo coal using 3 H and 14 C labeled solvent or 3 H labeled gaseous hydrogen has been conducted The effects of Ni-MoMo-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, reaction times (0-300 min) and solvents were examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the liquefaction of a highly volatile bituminous coal was studied between 350°C and 400°C, using highly dispersed and non porous catalysts, smaller than 0.05 μm in particle size, and two industrial catalysts (red mud and NiMo/A1 2 O 3 ).

TL;DR: In this article, two iron oxides aerosols with low particle sizes ( < 80 nm) were used as catalyst precursors in hydroliquefaction of coal (Freyming, France).

TL;DR: A review of coal physical structure can be found in this paper, where it is shown that coal is a porous solid, the pore structure being unstable in subbituminous and lower rank coals.

TL;DR: Sodium aluminate and sodium silicate have been found to be useful as promoters for the reaction of brown coal with carbon monoxide and water as mentioned in this paper, which can facilitate one electron transfer reactions leading to radical stabilisation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied reactions of coal and coal liquids with small aromatic molecules in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and identified some of these chemical bonds.

TL;DR: In this article, coal is partitioned in parallel, competitive steps to TS and toluene insoluble fractions, with the TS/TI ratio determined by the reduction potential of the system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of catalytic hyroliquefaction under batch conditions depend on a large number of variables, such as the influence of the catalyst concentration, the mode of sulfidation or the introduction of the catalysts in the coal/solvent mixture, and the nature of the model compound solvent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the title reaction is made quantitative by using glass tubes in home-made microreactors and reaction products are analyzed by quantitative 1H NMR at 400 MHz and by qualitative GC/MS.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used pyrolysis mass spectrometers to characterize coal macerals and examine and contrast their reactivity under vacuum pyrolynsis and short contact time (SCT) liquefaction conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of CH2 groups in different ranks of coal by heat treatment at 400°C and air-oxidation at 200°C was studied using cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C NMR spectrometry.

TL;DR: A bench scale fluidized bed reactor with a continuous feed rate of 15-30 g/h has been developed to study the flash pyrolysis of coal at atmospheric pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity and selectivity of metal oxides and complex oxides for the liquefaction of bituminous coal and lignite are reviewed in connection with surface properties of catalysts.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of diffusion on coal liquefaction was studied using a model naphthalene system and with four different presulfided NiMo/Al2O3 extrudate sizes with each catalyst in powdered (−200 mesh) form.

TL;DR: In this article, the initial stages of coal liquefaction have been investigated in small batch autoclaves at moderate to low liquidation temperatures, and it was shown that ammonium molybdate had a beneficial effect on conversion at lower temperatures as revealed by a decrease in the demands placed on the liquidation solvent.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of coal carbonization samples under various conditions of hydroliquefaction was performed for tars and pitches with different separation, fractionation and identification schemes.

TL;DR: In this article, a multi-stage coal liquefaction process under development at Kyushu University for the past 10 years is reviewed, which consists of five major stages of pretreatment of coal: primary hydrogen transfer liquidefaction by short contact time reaction at higher temperature: hydrogenation and hydrorefining stages of reaction applied to coal-derived liquids, and preparation of liquefactory solvent, to achieve high yields of refined oil at moderate pressure through the whole process.

TL;DR: In this paper, a global characterization of a French coal with 5% of organic sulfur has been made employing different techniques (FTIR, UV fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectrograph, ash organics content).

TL;DR: In this paper, coal with tetralin as an alkyl acceptor has been carried out in the presence of a super acid catalyst (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid) to yield highly extractable and readily liquefiable products.