Showing papers in "International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering in 2014"

Characterization of Banana (Musa spp.) Pseudo-Stem and Fruit-Bunch-Stem as a Potential Renewable Energy Resource

Abstract: Banana pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are agricultural residues that can be used for conversion to bio-char, biooil, and gases by using thermochemical process. The aim of this work is to characterize banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, chemical analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and heating calorific value. The ash contents of the banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are 11.0 mf wt.% and 20.6 mf wt.%; while the carbon content of banana pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are 37.9 mf wt.% and 35.58 mf wt.% respectively. The molecular formulas for banana stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are C24H33NO26 and C19H29NO33 respectively. The measured higher heating values of banana pseudostem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are 15.5MJ/kg and 12.7 MJ/kg respectively. By chemical analysis, the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents in the samples will also be presented. The feasibility of the banana wastes to be a feedstock for thermochemical process in comparison with other biomass will be discussed in this paper. Keywords—Banana Waste, Biomass, Renewable Energy, Thermo-chemical Characteristics.

Can Nigeria Generate 30% of her Electricity from Coal by 2015

Abstract: Nigeria is blessed with diverse energy resources. The country had generated electricity from coal in the 1950s, but this was abandoned in the wake of the civil war (1969-1970) and the focus changed to petroleum. Nigeria now generates her electricity mostly from gas thermal plants (64.6%). Electricity in Nigeria is poor, of low quality with frequent unplanned outages. Nigeria has about 8000MW installed electricity generation capacity but only 3800-4000 MW is actually operational. The government now wishes to diversify the electricity generation mix by encouraging private sector participation in the energy sector and targeted 30% electricity generation from coal. The study reviewed policies relating to coal power generation in Nigeria and the causes of previous failures in the sector. The study found that the electricity sector reforms and other policy changes have spurred investment of nearly $10 billion in the coal sector. Five projects of 4800MW generation capacity are under construction. Of this, two projects located in Enugu state of combined capacity of 1600MW could be ready by 2015. These two projects accounted for 40% of total installed capacity, or 20% operational electricity generation in Nigeria. The paper also presents the prospects and challenges of coal power generation in Nigeria.

Predicting Heat Demand for a District Heating Systems

Abstract: Poland is one of the heaviest users of district heating systems in Europe, and those district heating systems are heated mainly by coal. Sustainable development of district heating systems in Poland including improving quality of environment, economic of heat production and security of heat supply is in close connection with increasing of energy efficiency. Heat production and heat distribution plays important role in national energy balance. Additional increasing of energy efficiency in district heating systems need detail forecasts for future heat consumption in scale of individual district heating system and for systems in whole country. Accurate forecast give possibility for increasing efficiency of heat production, decreasing fuel consumption and connected with it emission decreasing from combustion products to the atmosphere. Heat production efficiency can be optimized through the use of appropriate procedures for running heat sources alongside short-term heat demand forecasting combined with preparation for adjusting heat source work parameters to the predicted heat load for a few hours hence. The artificial neural networks model delivers good forecasting results. The accuracy of the results depends on the kind of network, its architecture, the size and type of input data as well as the forecasting period. Forecasting accuracy within a 3-5% margin of error is sufficient to steer heat source operations. Described forecasting methods can be use as a good tool to regulate district heating networks and heat sources.

Characteristics of Different Solar PV Modules under Partial Shading

Abstract: Partial shadowing is one of the problems that are always faced in terrestrial applications of solar photovoltaic (PV). The effects of partial shadow on the energy yield of conventional mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline PV modules have been researched for a long time. With deployment of new thin-film solar PV modules in the market, it is important to understand the performance of new PV modules operating under the partial shadow in the tropical zone. This paper addresses the impacts of different partial shadowing on the operating characteristics of four different types of solar PV modules that include multi-crystalline, amorphous thin-film, CdTe thin-film and CIGS thin-film PV modules. Keywords—Partial shade, CdTe, CIGS, multi-crystalline (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), bypass diode.

Comparison between the Conventional Methods and PSO Based MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract: Since the output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) system depends on the ambient temperature, solar radiation and load impedance, its maximum power point (MPP) is not constant. Under each condition PV module has a point at which it can produce its MPP. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is needed to uphold the PV panel operating at its MPP. This paper presents comparative study between the conventional MPPT methods used in (PV) system: Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IncCond), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for (MPPT) of (PV) system. To evaluate the study, the proposed PSO MPPT is implemented on a DC-DC cuk converter and has been compared with P&O and INcond methods in terms of their tracking speed, accuracy and performance by using the Matlab tool Simulink. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm is simple, and is superior to the P&O and IncCond methods. Keywords—Incremental Conductance (IncCond) Method, Perturb and Observe (P&O) Method, Photovoltaic Systems (PV) and Practical Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO).

Back Stepping Sliding Mode Control of Blood Glucose for Type I Diabetes

Abstract: Abstract—Diabetes is a growing health problem in worldwide. Especially, the patients with Type 1 diabetes need strict glycemic control because they have deficiency of insulin production. This paper attempts to control blood glucose based on body mathematical body model. The Bergman minimal mathematical model is used to develop the nonlinear controller. A novel back-stepping based sliding mode control (B-SMC) strategy is proposed as a solution that guarantees practical tracking of a desired glucose concentration. In order to show the performance of the proposed design, it is compared with conventional linear and fuzzy controllers which have been done in previous researches. The numerical simulation result shows the advantages of sliding mode back stepping controller design to linear and fuzzy controllers.

A System Dynamics Model for Energy Planning in Niger

Abstract: This paper proposes an energy management model using system dynamics (SD) modeling approach. The time span of the model extends from 2003 to 2030. The Model was calibrated and used for the evaluation of six policy scenarios. Population, per capita electricity consumption, and the industrial sectors were identified as key components and used as inputs to predict future electricity supply and demand needs. Particular attention was paid, in the proposed model, to the individual and total amounts of carbon released into the atmosphere. Finally, to demonstrate the usefulness of the model, it was applied to Niger’s electricity sector. The raw data from the past ten years was used as a benchmark for the study. A key factor in this study was Niger’s fast growing population. The quick increase in population will add uncertainties to both the projections and the accuracy of the results. Model results show that by putting a particular emphasis on the national supply, Niger may be energy self-sufficient from 2018 through 2030. The model also indicates that the bond between Nigeria and Niger must be firmly re-strengthened for the latter to be able to meet its future electricity challenges. The proposed model can be used in guiding public policy in developing regions.

Resource Assessment and Optimization Study of Efficient Type Hybrid Power System for Electrification of Rural District in Ethiopia

Abstract: The Somali region in Ethiopia enjoys an average wind speed of 5m/s at 10m elevation and an average daily solar radiation of 7.5kwh/m2/day. Within this perspective, a remote rural village in Somali region calledWerder district (6050'N 45030' E) can be electrified with a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system. The village is far away from the national electric grid and the electrical load density in the village is low. Extension of national grid to this village which is located 576km away from national grid is not economically feasible. Therefore, this study aims to explore techno-economic analysis of electrifying the village with hybrid renewable energy. The software HOMER was used in this study to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various hybrid energy alternatives to the village. The economic analysis compares the levelized cost of electricity generation for the three option; wind/PV/diesel generator, diesel generator only system and national grid extension. The levelized cost focusing on the elements causing differences such as fuel price, PV modules, with battery or generator rather than the elements that are similar across the technology choices (distribution, metering, etc). The finding indicate that photovoltaic/wind/diesel generator hybrid system was feasible systems based on some important parameters such as high renewable penetration, less annual diesel consumption, less carbon dioxide emission, less unmet load, less capacity shortage and cost of energy. A thermal load (boiler) is added to the system that uses the excess power generation during the night rather than dissipating it to the dump load; which greatly improved the efficiency of the system at small cost of diesel to the boiler.

A Simple Heat and Mass Transfer Model for Salt Gradient Solar Ponds

Abstract: A salinity gradient solar pond is a free energy source system for collecting, converting and storing solar energy as heat. In this paper, the principles of solar pond are explained. A mathematical model is developed to describe and simulate heat and mass transfer behaviour of salinity gradient solar pond. MATLAB codes are programmed to solve the one dimensional finite difference method for heat and mass transfer equations. Temperature profiles and concentration distributions are calculated. The numerical results are validated with experimental data and the results are found to be in good agreement. Keywords—Finite Difference method, Salt-gradient solar-pond, Solar energy, Transient heat and mass transfer. I. INTRODUCTION HE solar pond is described as an artificial large body of water reservoir that collects and stores solar energy. It is about 1 to 3 meters deep, and the bottom of the pond is usually painted black. The solar radiation landing on the surface of the pond penetrates the liquid and falls on the blackened bottom which is thereby heated. If the liquid is homogeneous which means no density gradient, convection currents will be set up and the heated liquid being lighter will travel towards the surface and dissipate its heat to the atmosphere. In a solar pond these convection currents are prevented by having a concentration gradient of salt, the solution's concentration and density being highest at the bottom and lowest at the top. Typically ponds are composed of three zones as shown in Fig.1. The first zone is Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), which is cold, close to the ambient temperature; and has low salt concentration (almost fresh water).The thickness of this surface layer varies from 0.1 to 0.4m. The second zone is Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) or (insulation layer), which has salt density increasing with depth. The thickness of NCZ ranges from 0.6 to 1.0m. Hot water in one layer of NCZ cannot rise because of its high relative density (due to its salt content) and water above is lighter (low density). Similarly, water cannot fall because the water below it has a higher salt content and is heavier (high density). Therefore convection motions are hindered and heat transfer from the hot third zone,

Present Energy Scenario and Potentiality of Wind Energy in Bangladesh

Abstract: Scarcity in energy sector is a major problem, which can hamper the growing development of a country. Bangladesh is one of the electricity-deprived countries; however, the energy demand of Bangladesh is increasing day by day. Due to the shortage of natural resources and environmental issues, many nations are now moving towards renewable energy. Among various form of renewable energy, wind energy is one of most potential source. In this paper, the present energy condition of Bangladesh is discussed and the necessity of moving towards renewable energy is clarified. The wind speed found at different locations at different heights and different years from the survey of several organizations are presented. Although, the results of installed low capacity wind turbines (from few kW to few tens of kW) operated by private or government organization at different places in Bangladesh are not so encouraging; however, it is shown that Bangladesh has a high potential of using large wind turbine (MW range) for capturing wind energy at different places. The present condition of wind energy in Bangladesh and other countries in the world are also presented to emphasize the requisite of moving towards wind energy. Keywords—Renewable energy, wind speed, wind power, modern wind turbine, scarcity of power and gas crisis.

Modeling Residential Electricity Consumption Function in Malaysia: Time Series Approach

Abstract: As the Malaysian residential electricity consumption continued to increase rapidly, effective energy policies, which address factors affecting residential electricity consumption, is urgently needed. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between residential electricity consumption (EC), real disposable income (Y), price of electricity (Pe) and population (Po) in Malaysia for 1978-2011 period. Unlike previous studies on Malaysia, the current study focuses on the residential sector, a sector that is important for the contemplation of energy policy. The Phillips-Perron (P-P) unit root test is employed to infer the stationarity of each variable while the bound test is executed to determine the existence of co-integration relationship among the variables, modelled in an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. The CUSUM and CUSUM of squares tests are applied to ensure the stability of the model. The results suggest the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship and bidirectional Granger causality between EC and the macroeconomic variables. The empirical findings will help policy makers of Malaysia in developing new monitoring standards of energy consumption. As it is the major contributing factor in economic growth and CO2 emission, there is a need for more proper planning in Malaysia to attain future targets in order to cut emissions. Keywords—Co-integration, Elasticity, Granger causality, Malaysia, Residential electricity consumption.

Highlighting of the Factors and Policies Affecting CO2 Emissions Level in Malaysian Transportation Sector

Abstract: 2 0 1 1 C O 2 em is si o n ( m il li io n t o n s) CO2 Emission GDP Abstract—Global CO2 emission and increasing fuel consumption to meet energy demand has become a threat in recent decades. Effort to reduce the CO2 emission is now a matter of priority in most countries of the world including Malaysia. Transportation has been identified as the most intensive sector of carbon-based fuels and achievement of the voluntary target to meet 40% carbon intensity reduction set at the 15 Conference of the Parties (COP15) means that the emission from the transport sector must be reduced accordingly. This posed a great challenge to Malaysia and effort has to be made to embrace suitable and appropriate energy policy for sustainable energy and emission reduction of this sector. The focus of this paper is to analyze the trends of Malaysia’s energy consumption and emission of four different transport sub-sectors (road, rail, aviation and maritime). Underlying factors influencing the growth of energy consumption and emission trends are discussed. Besides, technology status towards energy efficiency in transportation subsectors is presented. By reviewing the existing policies and trends of energy used, the paper highlights prospective policy options towards achieving emission reduction in the transportation sector.

Harvesting of Kinetic Energy of the Raindrops

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to harvest the kinetic energy of the raindrops using piezoelectric devices. In the study 1m×1m PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric membrane, which is fixed by the four edges, is considered for the numerical simulation on deformation of the membrane due to the impact of the raindrops. Then according to the drop size of the rain, the simulation is performed classifying the rainfall types into three categories as light stratiform rain, moderate stratiform rain and heavy thundershower. The impact force of the raindrop is dependent on the terminal velocity of the raindrop, which is a function of diameter. The results were then analyzed to calculate the harvestable energy from the deformation of the piezoelectric membrane. Keywords—Raindrop, piezoelectricity, deformation, terminal velocity.

Seawater Desalination for Production of Highly Pure Water Using a Hydrophobic PTFE Membrane and Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD)

Abstract: Qatar’s primary source of fresh water is through seawater desalination. Amongst the major processes that are commercially available on the market, the most common large scale techniques are Multi-Stage Flash distillation (MSF), Multi Effect distillation (MED), and Reverse Osmosis (RO). Although commonly used, these three processes are highly expensive down to high energy input requirements and high operating costs allied with maintenance and stress induced on the systems in harsh alkaline media. Beside that cost, environmental footprint of these desalination techniques are significant; from damaging marine eco-system, to huge land use, to discharge of tons of GHG and huge carbon footprint. Other less energy consuming techniques based on membrane separation are being sought to reduce both the carbon footprint and operating costs is membrane distillation (MD). Emerged in 1960s, MD is an alternative technology for water desalination attracting more attention since 1980s. MD process involves the evaporation of a hot feed, typically below boiling point of brine at standard conditions, by creating a water vapor pressure difference across the porous, hydrophobic membrane. Main advantages of MD compared to other commercially available technologies (MSF and MED) and specially RO are reduction of membrane and module stress due to absence of trans-membrane pressure, less impact of contaminant fouling on distillate due to transfer of only water vapor, utilization of low grade or waste heat from oil and gas industries to heat up the feed up to required temperature difference across the membrane, superior water quality, and relatively lower capital and operating cost. To achieve the objective of this study, state of the art flat-sheet cross-flow DCMD bench scale unit was designed, commissioned, and tested. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics and morphology of the membrane suitable for DCMD through SEM imaging and contact angle measurement and to study the water quality of distillate produced by DCMD bench scale unit. Comparison with available literature data is undertaken where appropriate and laboratory data is used to compare a DCMD distillate quality with that of other desalination techniques and standards. Membrane SEM analysis showed that the PTFE membrane used for the study has contact angle of 127o with highly porous surface supported with less porous and bigger pore size PP membrane. Study on the effect of feed solution (salinity) and temperature on water quality of distillate produced from ICP and IC analysis showed that with any salinity and different feed temperature (up to 70oC) the electric conductivity of distillate is less than 5 μS/cm with 99.99% salt rejection and proved to be feasible and effective process capable of consistently producing high quality distillate from very high feed salinity solution (i.e. 100000 mg/L TDS) even with substantial quality difference compared to other desalination methods such as RO and MSF. Ahmad Kayvani Fard and Yehia Manawi are with the Qatar Energy and Environment Research Institute, Doha, Qatar (phone: +974 4454 1540; fax: +974 4454 1528; e-mail: afard@qf.org.qa,ymanawi@qf.org.qa). Keywords—Membrane Distillation, Waste Heat, Seawater Desalination, Membrane, Freshwater, Direct Contact Membrane Distillation.

Solar-Wind Hybrid Energy System for New Engineering Complex- Technical University of Mombasa

Abstract: A hybrid energy system combines multiple types of energy generation in order to meet the demand of the users effectively and efficiently. The Solar-Wind hybrid system consists of electrical energy generated from wind and solar PV systems, it is a valuable method in the transition away from fossil fuel based economies. It capitalizes on existing wind regimes and solar energy available in a particular area or region. It is in public domain that environmental degradation has greatly increased due to the adaptation of fossil fuel driven generators to produce electricity. Power system interruptions and black-outs have posed major threats to most sub-Saharan African Countries. This has negatively affected the operations of industries and universities. Resulting in major losses that cumulatively impact negatively on their economy. The objective of this paper was to analyze and design a solar-wind hybrid system for powering the New Engineering Complex at the Technical University of Mombasa (NEC-TUM). The methodology involved was first to determine the electrical loading of the building in terms of lighting and power loads. The next step was to analyze the wind speed pattern and solar intensity on the roof of the building using RET Screen software. The results obtained and specifications of the components used in the model were fed into HOMER software for simulation purposes. It was found that the optimum mix of wind and photovoltaic power with an electromechanical storage system, with or without fossil fuel generator back up, depends upon the individual sub-systems economics. Furthermore, the hybrid system was able to produce 63.36kWh/day against the 50kWh/day required by the NEC-TUM for lighting and power loads.

Assessment on Passive Cooling Techniques to Improve Steel Roof Thermal Performance in Hot Tropical Climate

Abstract: In African hot tropical climate countries, due to climate and the unsuitability of construction materials, building’s indoor environment remains over the thermal comfort acceptable limit over long periods of time during the year. Among the building envelope components, roof is a critical part that is highly susceptible to solar radiation. Solutions like passive cooling and low energy consumption systems are not explored enough in those countries. These techniques and systems can be used to meet a large part of the cooling needs and reduce the overheating period in buildings, but their applicability depends on the climate zone. In this paper, investigations were conducted to determine their potential to improve steel roof performance for free running buildings under tropical climatic conditions. The case studies are two configurations (with and without attic) of typical steel roof in Burkina Faso. Using dynamic simulation, we have evaluated the impacts of radiant barrier, insulation, cool paint and ventilation for two configuration of roofing. For both configurations, high reflective solutions perform very well. It also appears that the attic case due to its actual configuration (shape and design) and to the climate conditions ventilation does not perform very well. These results can help building actors during the design process.

Membrane Distillation Process Modeling: Dynamical Approach

Abstract: This paper presents a complete dynamic modeling of a membrane distillation process. The model contains two consistent dynamic models. A 2D advection-diffusion equation for modeling the whole process and a modified heat equation for modeling the membrane itself. The complete model describes the temperature diffusion phenomenon across the feed, membrane, permeate containers and boundary layers of the membrane. It gives an online and complete temperature profile for each point in the domain. It explains heat conduction and convection mechanisms that take place inside the process in terms of mathematical parameters, and justify process behavior during transient and steady state phases. The process is monitored for any sudden change in the performance at any instance of time. In addition, it assists maintaining production rates as desired, and gives recommendations during membrane fabrication stages. System performance and parameters can be optimized and controlled using this complete dynamic model. Evolution of membrane boundary temperature with time, vapor mass transfer along the process, and temperature difference between membrane boundary layers are depicted and included. Simulations were performed over the complete model with real membrane specifications. The plots show consistency between 2D advection-diffusion model and the expected behavior of the systems as well as literature. Evolution of heat inside the membrane starting from transient response till reaching steady state response for fixed and varying times is illustrated. Keywords— Membrane distillation, Dynamical modeling, Advection-diffusion equation, Thermal equilibrium, Heat equation.

The Experience with SiC MOSFET and Buck Converter Snubber Design

Abstract: The newest semiconductor devices on the market are MOSFET transistors based on the silicon carbide – SiC. This material has exclusive features thanks to which it becomes a better switch than Si – silicon semiconductor switch. There are some special features that need to be understood to enable the device’s use to its full potential. The advantages and differences of SiC MOSFETs in comparison with Si IGBT transistors have been described in first part of this article. Second part describes driver for SiC MOSFET transistor and last part of article represents SiC MOSFET in the application of buck converter (step-down) and design of simple RC snubber. Keywords—SiC, Si, MOSFET, IGBT, SBD, RC snubber.

Experimental Test of the Tool for the External EMF Removing Dents on a Car Body

Abstract: This paper is dedicated to experimental study of pulsed electromagnetic attraction based upon recently developed tool design – “Inductor System with an Attracting Screen (ISAS)” for the repair technology of the external dent removing on a car body. The concept of attraction in this inductor system is based upon induced currents flowing in the same directions in the accessory screen and in the sheet metal blank, which, according to Ampere law, results in attraction forces between the screen and sheet metal blank. The more detailed information about ISAS is represented by Batygin (2006 [7], 2014 [8]). The main feature of this system is that the inductor is placed on the external side of the accessory screen. So, the induced currents in the parallel flat screen and sheet blanks are being excited by the penetrating magnetic field of the external source. Should mark this tool is capable of applying attraction forces to sheet metals of any physical nature as magnetic and stainless steel or aluminum. The conducted tests have shown a high effectiveness of suggested tool for the non-contact external flattening a car body in real production conditions. The represented work was done in the Laboratory of the Electromagnetic Technologies of the Kharkov National Automobile & Highway University, Ukraine.

Load Flow Solution of the Tanzanian Power Network Using Newton-Raphson Method and MATLAB Software

Abstract: Load flow studies are the backbone of power system analysis and design. They are necessary for planning, operation, optimal power flow and economic scheduling and power exchange between utilities. This paper describes modelling procedure and present models of system components used in performing load flow analysis. The developed models are joined together to form a system network representing an approximate Tanzanian power network model. A load flow problem is formulated using the model and a MATLAB program developed using Newton-Raphson algorithm is applied in solving the problem. Simulation results are presented and analysed. The results indicate that the voltage magnitude and voltage phase angle profiles are within the operating limits of the system; it means that the selection of system components and modelling process is appropriate and accurate. The results will form the basis of other critical power system studies of the network in the future such as power system state estimation, optimal power flow and security constrained optimal power flow studies.

Busbar Protection Scheme Based on Alienation Coefficients for Current Signals

Abstract: In modern digital power system protection systems, statistical coefficients technique is recently used for fault analysis. An alienation technique is developed for busbar protection against all ten types of shunt faults, which may locate in busbar protection zone, under different loading levels, fault resistances and fault inception angle. It does not need any extra equipment as it depends only on the three-line currents measurements, of all feeders connected to the protected busbar, which are mostly available at the relay location. It is able to perform fault detection, fault confirmation, faulty phase selection and determine the fault location in about a half-cycle period. Thus, the alienation technique is well suited for implementation in digital protection schemes. The technique is efficient to detect current transformer saturation conditions without needing any additional algorithm. The effects of DC components and harmonics are eliminated with estimation of alienation coefficients. The proposed methodology is applied for a part of 500 KV Egyptian network. Alternative transient program (ATP) and MATLAB package are used to implement the proposed technique.

Matlab-simulink controller design for arduino target on ac motor control application

Abstract: This paper explains, the implementation of MATLAB-simulink block diagram with the Adruino DSP target in order to control the output current of the 3-phase inverter for ac motor application. There is no programming code has been involved but only uses the target preferences blocks that are available in the MATLAB-Adruino library. The current controller has been developed by using the PIDHyterisis control in order to determine the efficiency of the controller to control the motor current. The system was been tested on the 1kW inverter output and was connected to the 3 phase induction motor with rating of 375W.

Perspective and Challenge of Tidal Power in Bangladesh

Abstract: Tidal power can play a vital role in integrating as new source of renewable energy to the off-grid power connection in isolated areas, namely Sandwip, in Bangladesh. It can reduce the present energy crisis and improve the social, environmental and economical perspective of Bangladesh. Tidal energy is becoming popular around the world due to its own facilities. The development of any country largely depends on energy sector improvement. Lack of energy sector is because hampering of progress of any country development and energy sector will be stable by only depend on sustainable energy sources. Renewable energy is the only sustainable solution of secure energy which is environmental friendly. Bangladesh has a huge potential of tidal power at different locations but effective measure on this issue have not been considered sincerely. This paper summarizes the current energy scenario and Bangladesh can produce power approximately 53.19MW across the country to reduce the growing energy demand utilizing tidal energy as well as it is shown that Sandwip has high potential of producing tidal power which is approximately 16.49MW by investing only US $10.37 millions. Besides this, cost management for tidal power plant also has been discussed.

Speed Estimation of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Artificial Neural Network

Abstract: Three phase induction motors being the most widely used motor for domestic, commercial and industrial applications, demands a more detailed understanding and improved analysis of its performance characteristics. The conventional method of using the equivalent circuit for assessing the motor performance cannot incorporate the non-linearities involved in the speed torque characteristics into the performance of the motor to the fullest extent. This paper presents an ANN based modeling of three phase induction motor to overcome this problem. The model has been tested and validated with actual experimental data. The performance of the model has been compared with that of a classical equivalent circuit technique both graphically and statistically and found to be superior. The model can thus offer a better method of speed estimation and control of the induction motor for input voltage variation with and without input frequency change.

Implication of Using Auxiliary Service Voltage Transformer Sub-Stations for Rural Electrification

Abstract: Providing an affordable and reliable electricity supply to rural communities is seen by countries round the world as one of the major keys to development. A good quality and stable electricity supply can provide a wide variety of benefits including lighting (allowing evening activities), clean cooking and heating, access to television/radio, telephone (including mobile), improved health (due to example refrigeration), and many small industrial uses. Often this can be provided by extending the main electricity network to the community. However, for remote rural areas the costs involved can be very high. Therefore, Un-conventional Rural Electrification (URE) technologies are thus very relevant, particularly for countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as they have potential to make connection to the electricity network affordable. While such systems are already in use, their penetration level is very low. Hence, if the penetration level of such system in power network increases, what is the effect on power and voltage quality, stability and capacity constraints of the overall system? What are the limiting factors, and how can this limit be determined for any particular rural electrification project. These are some of the major questions that this paper address progressively. The paper investigated the maximum penetration level of sub-station based Auxiliary Service Voltage Transformer (ASVT) technologies in transmission power networks with regard to voltage quality, stability, and capacity constraints. This was done by comparing the simulation results of ASVT(s) penetration on a transmission power network with the constructed Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) curves. The curves were derived from the ABCD parameters of the transmission line under investigation. Results showed that ASVT sub-station technologies can be applicable to any HV transmission line whose voltage level is within the 6% tolerance when the load power factor is varied between 0.2 and unity power factor. Moreover, the Loadability tests carried out showed that ASVT system could be operated within allowable voltage profile, if 1MW at 0.3 to 0.5 power factor lagging load was connected.

Influence of Socio-Economic Indicators on Electricity Consumption of Low Voltage Customers in Cameroon

Abstract: In this paper, the demand of Low Voltage electricity customers in Cameroon using electricity as an energy source beginning from the period 1975 to 2011 is modeled. This approach aims to study the consumption determinants (macro- economic indicators, demographic indicators and lagged consumption of low voltage electricity) of low Voltage Customers and to analyze those determinants that have a strong influence on consumption. Parameters estimated by EVIEWS 7.2 software for linear and exponential (CooB-Douglas) models were used. The results show that CooB-Douglass models are better than the linear model. It also shows that: (i) the best linear model is a function of delayed consumption〖 C〗_(t-1) ; overall gross domestic product ((〖GDP_g)〗_t) and population (P_t ); (ii) the best model CooB-Douglas is a function of delayed consumption〖 C〗_(t-1) , the global gross domestic product ((〖GDP_g)〗_t) and the number of subscribers (S_t). It noticed that the macroeconomic indicators have a better influence on demographic consumer’s indicators and that the absence of the delayed consumption variable in a model causes autocorrelation of the residuals models.