Showing papers in "International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research in 2014"

The Effect Of Using Authentic Materials In Teaching

Abstract: Authentic materials are among the most important tools a teacher can and must use in class in order to make his/her teaching go smoothly and be effective in transmitting the necessary knowledge to all students. In this paper, the writers will discuss the Effect of Using Authentic Materials in teaching, because a number of studies point out that the use of authentic materials is regarded a useful means to motivate learners, arouse their interest and expose them to the real language they will face in the real world.

Determination Of Plant Proteins Via The Kjeldahl Method And Amino Acid Analysis: A Comparative Study.

Abstract: The amount of protein in most foods is usually determined by multiplying its Kjeldahl nitrogen content by a factor of 6.25. The reliability of this method in quantitating plant proteins was investigated. Ten lesser known plant leaf samples of nutritional significance among certain populations in Nigeria were used for this study. Protein contents of the plant samples were determined via the kjeldahl method using the conventional nitrogen to protein (N:P) conversion factor 6.25 (i.e. total nitrogen × 6.25) and by summation of amino acid residues (considered more accurate and taken here as the actual protein content). From data of total amino acid and total nitrogen, specific N:P conversion factors were calculated for each sample. The N:P factors ranged from 3.24 to 5.39, with an overall average of 4.64. Protein contents were also calculated using this new factor. Comparison of the calculated protein contents showed that the traditional conversion factor of 6.25 overestimated the actual protein content of the samples. The degree of overestimation ranged from 16%-93%. Protein contents calculated with our adjusted factor (4.64) gave results that are in good agreement with the actual protein content. Our results indicate that calculation of protein content by N × 6.25 is highly unsuitable for plant samples.

A Survey Of Various Load Balancing Algorithms In Cloud Computing

Abstract: Cloud computing is emerging as a new paradigm for manipulating, configuring, and accessing large scale distributed computing applications over the network. Load balancing is one of the main Challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the workload evenly across all the nodes. Load is a measure of the amount of work that a computation system performs which can be classified as CPU load, network load, memory capacity and storage capacity. It helps to achieve a high user satisfaction and resource utilization ratio by ensuring an efficient and fair allocation of every computing resource. Proper load balancing aids in implementing fail-over, enabling scalability, overprovisioning, minimizing resource consumption and avoiding bottlenecks etc. This paper describes a survey on load balancing algorithms in cloud computing environment along with their corresponding advantages, disadvantages and performance metrics are discussed in detail.

Eye movement based electronic wheel chair for physically challenged persons

Abstract: A powered wheel chair is a mobility-aided device for persons with moderate/severe physical disabilities or chronic diseases as well as the elderly. In order to take care for different disabilities, various kinds of interfaces have been developed for powered wheelchair control; such as joystick control, head control and sip-puff control. Many people with disabilities do not have the ability to control powered wheel chair using the above mentioned interfaces. The proposed model is a possible alternative. In this paper, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheel chair. User‘s eye movement are translated to screen position using the optical type eye tracking system. When user looks at appropriate angle, then computer input system will send command to the software based on the angle of rotation of pupil i.e., when user moves his eyes balls up (move forward), left (move left), right (move right) in all other cases wheel chair will stop. Once the image has been processed it moves onto the second part, our microprocessor. The microprocessor will take a USB output from the laptop and convert the signal into signals that will be sent to the wheelchair wheels for movement. Also, the pressure and object detection sensors will be connected to our microprocessor to provide necessary feedback for proper operation of the wheelchair system. The final part of the project is the wheelchair itself. The rear wheels will provide forward. The front two wheels will be used for steering left and right. All four wheels will be connected to our microprocessor that will send signals to control the wheels and thus the overall movement.

Antimicrobial Activities Of Tannins Extract From Guava Leaves (Psidium Guajava L) On Pathogens Microbial

Abstract: This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activities of tannin extracts from guava leaves against pathogens microbial. The method used for qualitative analysis with the tannins are formed by the intensity of the color is blackish green FeCl3 compounds. In the quantitative analysis of tannins used variations of organic solvent (ethanol with a concentration of 30 %, 50 %, 70 % ). Levels of tannins in the sample solution was calculated with Tannates Acid Equivalent ( EAT ). Test of antimicrobial activities using diffusion agar method. The results showed levels of tannins in leaves of guava with ethanol 30 %, the which is 2.351 mg /g, ethanol 50 % is 1.728 mg g, ethanol 70 % is 1.835 mg / g. The best solvent to extract the highest levels of tannins with ethanol 30 % by value of tannin levels 2.351mg /g. Tannin inhibitory activity on five different pathogens microbial. This is because the composition of the cell wall of the microbe fifth different. The results showed that the tannins extracts can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphilococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that are very complex. The effectiveness of antibacterial compounds found in plant tannins eg guava leaves is influenced by the concentration of tannins. The higher levels of tannin antibacterial activity will increase. Preliminary studies to study the antibacterial activity of guava leaf has been implemented Faharani (2008 )(5), where the results showed that the water extract of guava leaves have antibacterial activity against E. coli at a concentration of 40 %, whereas in S. aereus extract showed no inhibitory activity, and the active compound is believed to have antibacterial activity of flavonoids, tannins and saponins. In guava leaves contain tannin by 9 %, which can be used as an antibacterial. Tannins can be used as an antibacterial because it has a phenol group, so that the tannins have properties like alcohol is an antiseptic that can be used as an antimicrobial component. Therefore this study is to assess the antimicrobial activity of tannin extracts from guava leaves against several pathogens microbial.

An Overview On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

Abstract: We present a brief overview on Intuitionistic fuzzy sets which cuts across some definitions, operations, algebra, modal operators and normalization on Intuitionistic fuzzy set.

Effect Of Water Stress On The Leaf Relative Water Content And Yield Of Some Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp.) Genotype

Abstract: This Experiment was carried out in the screen house of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Kano station to study the leaf relative water content and yield of nine cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) varieties to water stress. Data were collected on the following criteria, number of leaves, leaf area (LA), leaf relative water content (LRWC), and agronomic traits. The experimental materials were arranged in randomize complete block design with three treatments which include unstressed, vegetative stage and flowering stage of water stress. The results indicate that Leaf Relative Water Content (LRWC) of the water stressed genotypes were lower than the unstressed genotypes. At vegetative stage of water stress only 22.22% had an increase in their leaf water content and 77.78% recorded reduction in their LRWC. The highest reduction was exhibited by IT97K568-19 with 9.5% and lowest reduction was recorded 0.1% by TVU-7778. 55.55% of the genotypes at flowering stage of water stress had reduction in their pod number. The Fodder yield at vegetative stage of water stress showed that 77.77% of the genotypes recorded reduction in their Fodder yield. IT98K-503-1 had higher dry fodder yield with 4.07% increase. At flowering stage of water stress, 99% of the genotypes recorded reduction in their fodder yield. The present study conclude that, water stress reduced the leaf area, relative water content and grain yield, among the cowpea screen genotypes TVU-7778 and IT98Kk-503-1recorded lower seed number at vegetative and flowering stages

Heat Shock Proteins: Functions And Response Against Heat Stress In Plants

Abstract: Heat stress has significant effect on protein metabolism, including degradation of proteins, inhibition of protein accumulation and induction of certain protein synthesis. It also poses a serious damage to the growth and development of the plant. The ability of the plants to respond to this stress by maintaining protein in their functional conformation as well as preventing the accumulation of non-native proteins are highly important for the cell survival. Heat shock proteins are involved in signaling, translation, host-defence mechanisms, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In fact, these proteins are now understood to mediate signaling, translation, host-defence mechanisms, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism by playing a significant function in controlling the genome and ultimately features that are obvious. Several reviews have reported the tolerance of plants to different abiotic stresses. The topic of enhancing protection mechanisms (including HSPs) to induce heat resistance is very interesting and research in this area has many repercussions for the understanding of heat stress response. However, this review reports Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and their function, research progress on the association of HSPs with plant tolerance to heat stress as well as the response of the HSPs under heat stress as an adaptive defence mechanism.

Simulink Application On Dynamic Modeling Of Biological Waste Water Treatment For Aerator Tank Case

Abstract: Environmental protection and water quality preservation is an import task for each person in the world. In this paper importance of water quality is discussed, in addition different waste water treatment processes are presented. Main objective of this paper is application of Simulink for dynamic modeling of biological treatment, especially concerning to the activated sludge processes (ASP). In connection with Simulink modeling different mathematical approach are presented and consider also during the simulation. Simulink modeling on Matlab is developed based on aerator tank model. Aerator model itself consists on movement of particles settled on bottom of the tank, by using air bubbling process. Several simulations are done for two different cases, dry weather and rain episode. Concerning to dry weather episode, equilibrium of biomass and organic matter is reached after long period (i.e. 200 days). While concerning to the rain episode there is a decrease of biomass and increase of organic matter, also it is notice a significant growth of bacteria’s. Finally this model could be improved by considering a slow increase of flow rate.

A Study On Virtualization Techniques And Challenges In Cloud Computing

Abstract: Cloud computing is a modern technology that increase application potentialities in terms of functioning, elastic resource management and collaborative execution approach. The central part of cloud computing is virtualization which enables industry or academic IT resources through ondemand allocation dynamically. The resources have different forms such as network, server, storage, application and client. This paper focus as on how virtualization helps to improve elasticity of the resources in cloud computing environment. In addition to, this paper gives a detailed review on open source virtualization techniques, challenges and future research direction.

Smart Farm: Extending Automation To The Farm Level

Abstract: With the advent of technology, the world around us is getting automated. Automatic systems are being favored over manual systems, as they are energy efficient and minimize the need for tedious manual labor. With agriculture being the primary economic sector of India and other developing countries, it is essential to automate it in order to increase efficiency. A typical farm requires a lot of labor. Automation can proficiently moderate the amount of manual labor, and make farming easier and faster, leading to more agricultural growth. The concept of automation is extended to the agricultural farms and farm houses. Numerous aspects of the farm are automated, which include auto-irrigation cycles and secure temperature controlled enclosures for livestock and farm products. In our paper, we implement automatic lighting system, auto-sprinkler system, in-house temperature control and security for farm houses. As temperature and motion sensitive devices will only work when required, such a system conserves energy effectively. The paper also presents features to enhance the security of the farm. Energy efficient farm automation is the need of the hour in an agro-based economy.

Problems faced by the street children : a study on some selected places in dhaka city, bangladesh

Abstract: The aim of this study was to shed light on the predicaments of the street children in their street life, their coping mechanism in response to innumerable problems and survival status. Pondering the gravity of the research topic qualitative method with the juxtaposition of FGDs (focus group discussion) and case studies was employed to generate descriptive data. With the organizational support of Underprivileged Children's Educational Programs (UCEP) 4 FGDs were administered on a total respondent size of 74 beneficiary and non-beneficiary street children in Mirpur and Lalbagh areas in the Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Meanwhile, 9 case studies were conducted that gave extra flavour in the research to present more vivid and cross-checked data. The findings drew the flamboyant picture of the ongoing endangered livelihood mostly and mainly triggered by poverty, insecurity, powerlessness, weak or no social network and social capital, insufficient institutional support etc. Since the respondents lacked proper capabilities to secure a descent job, they had to endure oppression, torture, insecurity and other problems to survive on the streets. Drawing upon their problems this research finally dismantled some specific coping mechanisms adopted by the street children whether by avoidance of or approach to the predicaments and stress they face to survive on the street.

Retail Shoppability: The Impact Of Store Atmospherics & Store Layout On Consumer Buying Patterns

Abstract: Retail shoppability, defined as the ability of the retail environment to translate consumer demand into purchase. It is making consumers’ needs salient in specific retail settings & turning shoppers into buyers. The primary motivation to study store image has been to investigate the store atmospherics & store layout as a predictor of consumer behaviour and store performance..This paper enhances previous conceptualizations of store image by introducing the concept referred to as retail shoppability. The quantitative research focused on identifying those store image attributes perceived as important by a selected group of consumers. The goals of this paper are (1) to argue that store image, as it has been previously developed by marketing academics, is a necessary but insufficient construct to understand store performance and consumer behavior and (2) to discuss the enhanced conceptual and operational benefits of store equity as compared with store image. To accomplish these goals, the paper discusses the conceptualization and operationalization of customer-based store equity by explicitly comparing the concept of store atmospherics & store layout and discusses the implications for marketing practitioners by identifying the considerations for building and managing customer-based store equity.

An Exploratory Study Of Igbo Entrepreneurial Activity And Business Success In Nigeria As The Panacea For Economic Growth And Development

Abstract: It is no doubt that Igbo entrepreneurs play vital roles in the growth of the Nigerian economy. Igbo Entrepreneurial activities have been observed to be a backbone for the economy of Nigeria and have facilitated improved standard of living of the people at both rural and urban settings. This study aims at investigating whether the Igbo entrepreneurial activities are the panacea for the Nigerian economic growth and development, and whether the Igbo Trade Apprenticeship System is a rationale behind their business success. The study used both primary and secondary source for gathering reliable and adequate data and information. The primary sources of data include the personal interview and questionnaire administered to the sampled metropolises (Sango-Ota, Ifo, Oshodi and Apapa); and the secondary sources include textbooks, journal and internet. Taro Yamane sampling method was adopted to determine the sample size, and Bowler’s proportional allocation method to distribute questionnaires in these selected metropolises. To analyze the data gathered for this study, descriptive statistical tool, tables and Likert Scale method were used. The study revealed that the Igbo entrepreneurial activities are the panacea for the Nigerian economic growth and development, and that ITAS is a business success factor. It was concluded that the Igbo entrepreneurial activities are the panacea for the Nigerian economic growth and development. The study therefore recommended that Nigerians and the people of other developing countries of the world should emulate the Igbo entrepreneurship culture for economic development purpose.

Analysis Of Telecom Base Stations Powered By Solar Energy

Abstract: Improved Quality of Service and cost reduction are important issues affecting the telecommunication industry. Companies such as Airtel, Glo etc believe that the solar powered cellular base stations are capable of transforming the Nigerian communication industry due to their low cost, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Currently, there are several research efforts directed on the use of solar power in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. In this paper, the importance of solar energy as a renewable energy source for cellular base stations is analyzed. Also, simulation software PVSYST6.0.7 is used to obtain an estimate of the cost of generation of solar power for cellular base stations. The simulations were carried out for the Grid-Connected and the Stand-Alone solar power systems by using Benin City, Nigeria as a case study. The PVSYST6.0.7 simulation results shows that the power generation costs for the grid connected solar powered system is less when compared to standalone solar powered system in Benin City, Nigeria

Investigation The Properties Of Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash To Reduction The Seepage In Canals.

Abstract: In this research effect of rice husk ash (RHA) on Fresh and Hardened Properties of concrete which used to reduction the seepage in the canal lining was studied. To establish the suitable proportion of RHA for the partial replacement of cement, Concrete specimens was molded with 10%, 20%, and 30% of (RHA) replacing the cement, and measured it to workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, dryings shrinkage, The results were compared with the concrete mix that does not contain RHA. The obtained results indicated that it was a significant reduction of workability in fresh concrete with the increase amount of RHA content in concrete, and it was an increase in the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength by increased of RHA% until 20% , The maximum increment is around 10.5%and 11% for the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength respectively then it were decrease with the increase of RHA to 30%, the decrease was around 17 % and 10.5% for compressive strength and tensile splitting strength respectively. The test of drying shrinkage indicated that it was decreased with increased of RHA%, the maximum decreased given by 30% RHA it was about 28% of normal concrete shrinkage after 90 days age. Key word: Concrete properties, Rice Husk Ash, Seepage, canal. ————————————————————

Assessment Of Antibacterial Activity For Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanorods Against Plant Pathogenic Strains

Abstract: Nano-ZnO has been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal technique to evaluate as plant pathogenic antibacterial agent. The crystalline and morphological structures of ZnO were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy respectively. The morphological structure of synthesized ZnO was nano-rod with an average aspect ratio about 8. The antibacterial effect of ZnO nanorods on eight different hetero soft root plant pathogenic bacteria was investigated for inhibition and reduction the cell growth of examining strains using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of nanorods ZnO towards plant pathogens microbes were explored. The recorded inhibition zones using ZnO were ranged between 14 to 32 mm compared with 0 to 24 mm for antibiotics.

The Effect Of Human Resources Management Practices On Employee Performance

Abstract: This paper aimed to examine the effect of HRM practices towards employee performance in Malaysian Skills Institute (MSI). It investigated the factors that affecton recruitment and selection, compensation toward employee performance in MSI. The study population, which consisted of employees in the MSI, comprised 40 respondents. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher developed and distributed a questionnaire, and collected and analyzed the data using SPSS. An overall analysis was performed based on the descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results indicated that recruitment and selection and compensation significantly correlated with the employee performance in MSI. The paper provided recommendations for improving recruitment and selection and compensation in MSI.

Quadcopter Flight Dynamics

Abstract: Angular maneuvering scheme along with standard flight operations such as taking-off, landing and hovering is proposed for a quadcopter with indoor or outdoor flying capabilities. This is achieved by simultaneously controlling the speed of the four rotors in order for the quadcopter to attain the correct orientation. The total thrust is determined using the inputs of altitude, pitch and roll angles. Then the thrust that the rotors must generate independently is obtained from the ratio of the angles and the calculated thrust for maintaining the input altitude. Voltage supply that is needed to spin the rotors at a certain RPM (Rotations per minute) is obtained to produce the thrust computed in the previous step. Moreover, the procedure on varying the thrust direction of rotors is also illustrated to perform the standard flight operations.

Analysis Of Nigeria's National Electricity Demand Forecast (2013-2030)

Abstract: with increasing dependence on agriculture, industries and day-by-day household comfort upon the continuity of electric supply from PHCN systems in Nigeria, the forecast of electrical demand have assumed a great importance. For electricity supply not to be an cog in the wheel of progress of the Nigerian economy and perhaps a snag in the attainment of the millennium development goal MDGs load forecasting must be performed to coordinate electricity demand and supply. This research work focuses on Nigeria electricity demand forecast from 2013-2030 towards vision 2025 using Time Series Analysis on past load demand.

Carbon Stock Estimation In Secondary Forest And Gallery Forest Of Congo Using Allometric Equations

Abstract: The research was aimed to estimate the carbon stocks of above-and below-ground biomass in the secondary and gallery forest of Lesio-louna (Republic of Congo). The methodology of Allometric equations was used to measure the carbon stock of Lesio-louna natural forest. We were based precisely on the model II which is also called non-destructive method or indirect method of measuring carbon stock. We used parameters such as the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and wood density. The research was done with 6 circular plots each 1256m 2 , with a distance of 100m between each plot, depending on the topography of the site of installation of these plots. The six studied plots were divided into two sites, which are: Inkou Forest Island (Secondary forest) and Blue Lake Forest (Gallery forest). Thus, in the 6 plots with 77 trees, there were three plots in Inkou Forest Island site and three plots in Blue Lake Forest site. The results of this study showed that the average carbon stock in 6 plots of the study was 130.9908333 t C /ha for above-ground biomass (AGB) and 30.78283179 t C /ha for below-ground biomass (BGB). In this forest ecosystem, the average carbon stock of AGB was more important in secondary forest compared to gallery forest with respectively 135.9763333 t C /ha against 126.0053 t C /ha. Also, the average carbon stock of BGB was higher in secondary forest (31.9544076 t C /ha) compared to gallery forest (29.61126 t C /ha). This study shows that the species density is higher in the secondary forest (3 plots with 44 trees) compared to the gallery forest (3 plots with 33 trees). This research indicates that, the forests component in the study area could appoint as an important carbon reservoir, and can also play a key role in climate change mitigation.

Logical Development Of Vogel's Approximation Method (LD-VAM): An Approach To Find Basic Feasible Solution Of Transportation Problem

Abstract: The study in this paper is to discuss the limitation of Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM) and developed an improved algorithm after resolving this limitation for solving transportation problem. Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM) is the more efficient algorithm to solve the transportation problem but it has some limitations when highest penalty cost appear in two or more row or column. For that case VAM does not give any logical solution. In this paper we stand a logical approach for this problem and developed an algorithm named by ―Logical Development of Vogel's Approximation Method (LD-VAM)‖ where feasible solution from this method are very close to optimal solution more than VAM.

Investigation Of The Effect Of Corrosion On Mild Steel In Five Different Environments

Abstract: Mild Steel is one of the major construction materials used in the industries. It has a young modulus of 200GNm -2 . This paper focuses on the experimental study of the corrosion behavior and mechanism for mild steel in five different media namely: 0.1M of Hydrochloric acid, Underground (soil), Atmosphere, Salt water, Fresh water. Mild steel of diameter 1.2cm and 8.5cm long was used for this experiment and studied for a period of five weeks interval weighing and re-immersing. The weight losses were tabulated and analyzed graphically. It was observed that mild steel corroded in the different environments with decreasing intensity in the order of 0.1M of Hydrochloric acid, Underground (soil), Atmosphere, Salt water, Fresh water. It was then concluded that the laboratory immersion test remains the best method of screening of metal, it remains the quickest and most economical means for providing a preliminary selection of best suited materials for engineering applications as there is no simple way to extrapolate the results obtained from this simple test to the predictions of systems service lifetime.

Pine Needles A Source Of Energy For Himalayan Region

Abstract: Pine trees cover large portions of the Himalayan region and are considered a hazard to cultivation and agriculture as well as the environment. This is because during the summer season, dry pine needles fall from the trees and cover the forest floor. Not only is this detrimental to cultivation, and the growth of grass needed as fodder for livestock, this is also a serious cause of uncontrolled frequent forest fires during the dry months. The focus of this study is to research alternate uses of these dry pine needles, including energy generation, which would result in an economic boost to the region. It would also greatly reduce the risk of forest fires, and therefore be of value from an environmental point of view

Comparison Of Mimosine Content And Nutritive Values Of Neolamarckia Cadamba And Leucaena Leucocephala With Medicago Sativa As Forage Quality Index

Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the mimosine content and the nutritive values of Neolamarckia cadamba and Leucaena leucocephala in comparison to Medicago saliva (alfalfa hay) as forage quality index. A total of 22 N. cadamba and 35 L. leucocephala seedlings were analyzed to determine the mimosine content after 6 months of planting. It was noted that the mimosine content was highest in L. leucocephala (1.6%) and lowest in N. cadamba (0.03%) in comparison to M. sativa which has no mimosine content. Crude protein content was 23.48%, 20.90% and 14.83% for L. leucocephala, N. cadamba and M. sativa, respectively. The crude fiber was maximum in M. sativa (27.23%) and minimum in L. leucocephala (18.77%). Crude protein, crude fat, gross energy, protein to energy (P/E) ratio, organic matter and total ash in N. cadamba was higher compared to M. sativa. L. leucocephala was lower in nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and total ash compared to N. cadamba. Results from this study clearly indicate that N. cadamba has high forage quality and comparable to the traditional L. leucocephala and M. sativa as forage for ruminant and non-ruminants.

Comparative Study Of Phenol Formaldehyde And Urea Formaldehyde Particleboards From Wood Waste For Sustainable Environment

Abstract: This research work was aimed at comparing the properties of particleboards produced from sawdust with phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins. The particleboards were produced using varied quantities of particle size 2mm. 30ml each of the resins which was prepared under same conditions, compression temperature of 180 0 C, pressure of 10tons, and pressing time of 15 minutes. The properties of the particleboards were tested and compared. The results showed that the particleboards produced with phenol formaldehyde had better properties compared to that of urea formaldehyde. And the property of the particleboards is a function of the percentage composition of the binder (resin) and the filler (sawdust).

Intelligent Accident-Detection And Ambulance- Rescue System

Abstract: Road accidents and traffic congestion are the major problems in urban areas. Currently there is no technology for accident detection. Also due to the delay in reaching of the ambulance to the accident location and the traffic congestion in between accident location and hospital increases the chances of the death of victim. There is a need of introducing a system to reduce the loss of life due to accidents and the time taken by the ambulance to reach the hospital. To overcome the drawback of existing system we will implement the new system in which there is an automatic detection of accident through sensors provided in the vehicle. A main server unit houses the database of all hospitals in the city. A GPS and GSM module in the concerned vehicle will send the location of the accident to the main server which will rush an ambulance from a nearest hospital to the accident spot. Along with this there would be control of traffic light signals in the path of the ambulance using RF communication. This will minimize the time of ambulance to reach the hospital. A patient monitoring system in the ambulance will send the vital parameters of the patient to the concerned hospital. This system is fully automated, thus it finds the accident spot, controls the traffic lights, helping to reach the hospital in time ————————————————————

Extraction of Albumin of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striatus) In Producing The Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC)

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction method in extracting the albumin of snakehead fish and to know the nutrient content of fish protein concentrate so it can be consumed as functional food. The extraction of snakehead fish albumin was conducted by using water, HCl 0,1M, and ethanol 50% solvent with and without heating at temperature of 50-60 o C for 10 minutes. The drying was conducted by mechanic dryer at temperature of 60-70 o C. The parameters of this research were albumin, fat, total protein, yield, and dry basis water concentration. The result showed that the fish protein concentrate of snakehead fish with highest albumin (20,80%) and lowest fat (1.78%) was produced by the treatment of HCl 0,1M solvent by heating at temperature of 50-60 o C for 10 minutes. Whereas the fish protein concentrate of snakehead fish with highest yield (6.41%) and total protein content (76,13%) was produced by the treatment of water solvent without heating. The optimal extraction method in extracting the fish protein concentrate of snakehead fish was the extraction by using HCl 0,1M solvent with heating at temperature of 50-60 o C for 10 minutes.