Showing papers in "International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy in 1999"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the findings of a study of long distance migrations for employment opportunities in both the US and the UK and compare the cross-national differences between the two countries and investigate the effects of the relative resources of the partner in their subsequent search for employment.
Abstract: Presents the findings of a study of long distance migrations for employment opportunities in both the US and the UK. Compares the cross‐national differences between the two countries and tries to investigate the effects of the relative resources of the partner in their subsequent search for employment. Attempts to discover any gender differences based upon occupational status. Evaluates the similarity and differences between the countries.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the traditional approach of defining classes or status groups before investigating patterns of social interaction by using patterns of interaction between more basic units such as occupational groups to determine the nature of stratification order is reversed.
Abstract: Reverses the traditional approach of defining classes or status groups before investigating patterns of social interaction by using patterns of interaction between more basic units such as occupational groups to determine the nature of stratification order. Outlines the theoretical basis and compares this to other methods before giving examples of applications.
63 citations
TL;DR: This article examined how attitudes to maternal employment at different stages of child rearing vary across and within eight nations in the European Union, UK, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Italy and Spain.
Abstract: Uses data from 1994 International Social Survey Programme to examine how attitudes to maternal employment at different stages of child rearing vary across and within eight nations in the European Union, UK, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Italy and Spain. Considers whether a mismatch exists between belief in a women’s right to work and the “traditional” family ideology. Highlights a north/south divide in attitude and differing welfare policies and gender‐role beliefs.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the development of the voluntary sector into a semi-professional area undertaking more work which was previously seen as the State's responsibility is discussed, and the amount of trust invested in these charities and the damage that new fundraising techniques may inflict.
Abstract: Looks at the development of the voluntary sector into a semi‐professional area undertaking more work which was previously seen as the State’s responsibility. Considers the amount of trust invested in these charities and the damage that new fundraising techniques may inflict. Outlines the recent political influences on society and the individual together with the resulting attitudes to charity. Briefly outlines the local and global perspectives including mass media communication.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the findings of a questionnaire sent to nine occupational groups where women predominate such as healthcare, teaching and childcare, together with other forms placed in day-care and women's centres in Ontario.
Abstract: Presents the findings of a questionnaire sent to nine occupational groups where women predominate such as healthcare, teaching and childcare, together with other forms placed in day‐care and women’s centres in Ontario. Looks at disability, personal demographics, the work situation, workplace stress, physical demands, psychosomatic symptoms, job satisfaction, insecurity, harassment and family pressures. Discusses findings suggesting that disabled women tend to have more negative work experiences, possibly due to previous education problems, discrimination and the nature of roles offered which lead to lower income levels in lower status roles.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reliability of an empirical model designed by Szapocznik et al. to measure acculturation levels of first-generation immigrants was tested, and a series of statistically significant correlations between the variables examined; compares these results with findings of other studies involving different immigrant groups.
Abstract: Tests the reliability of an empirical model designed by Szapocznik et al to measure acculturation levels of first‐generation immigrants. Applies model to a demographically diverse sample group of first‐generation Asian‐Indian immigrants in three cities near New York (USA) to establish levels of cultural and behavioural acculturation, and the relevance of demographic variables, such as gender, marital status, religion and occupation. Establishes a series of statistically significant correlations between the variables examined; compares these results with findings of other studies involving different immigrant groups. Asserts that the model provides a reliable basis for assessing acculturation characteristics of immigrants; concludes that the findings of this study provide an objective basis for the development of social and public policy aimed at accommodating acculturation needs of this particular immigrant group.
28 citations
TL;DR: This paper used a micro-model to explain the interdependency of materialism, religion, authority, and family in establishing convention and demonstrated changes in conservatism in a cross-cultural and over time perspective.
Abstract: Demonstrates changes in conservatism in a cross‐cultural and over time perspective. Using a micro‐model, attempts to explain the interdependency of materialism, religion, authority and family in establishing convention. Presents the findings of a questionnaire of undergraduates in North Carolina looking at the identities that reflect the suggested changes. Combines the analysis of a time series established over 20 years in the US with a cross sectional analysis of Germany to test a model of conservatism.
27 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduced the concept of embeddedness, which means that the society within which a person lives will influence their behaviour, and discussed intracultural differences and presented some research strategies for looking at the ethnic consumer.
Abstract: Considers the pluralistic cultures which exist within a nation and outlines the history of previous research into this field. Introduces the concept of embeddedness which means that the society within which a person lives will influence their behaviour. Discusses intracultural differences and presents some research strategies for looking at the ethnic consumer.
21 citations
TL;DR: Outlines some basic human embryological facts and considers several myths such as “the immediate product of fertilization is just a potential human being”, which have far reaching implications for many areas of research.
Abstract: Outlines some basic human embryological facts and considers several myths such as “the immediate product of fertilization is just a potential human being”. Gives medical facts to clarify these issues and concludes that these have far reaching implications for many areas of research. Argues that these decisions, at present, are based more on myth than science.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis of class is being overlooked in the sociological mainstream and the authors present some symptoms of this development followed by an evaluation of some new directions for class research which could appeal to younger researchers.
Abstract: Questions why the analysis of class is being overlooked in the sociological mainstream. Presents some symptoms of this development followed by an evaluation. Suggests some new directions for class research which could appeal to younger researchers. Advocates work in this area to bridge the lack of information now available.
16 citations
TL;DR: The authors conducted a cross-cultural study to expose the extent to which public concern regulates sexual eroticism and withdraws it from public attention; identifies a propensity towards the ideal of sexual constraint within US society, reflected by a high degree of regulation and criminalization of sexuality.
Abstract: Details a cross‐cultural study to expose the extent to which public concern regulates sexual‐eroticism and withdraws it from public attention; identifies a propensity towards the ideal of sexual constraint within US society, reflected by a high degree of regulation and criminalization of sexuality ‐ ranging from strict policies on sexual‐harassment to the restriction of explicit images, even for sex education purposes. Compares with the more liberal attitudes exhibited in Germany. Develops an empirical model to establish cultural differences in attitudes to sexual issues; confirms that Germans are less likely to stigmatize sexual eroticism than their American contemporaries. Concludes that Germans exhibit emotions that typify sexual emancipation, compared with the sexually constrained emotions of Americans; suggests a link between the repression of sexual emotions and violence in society.
TL;DR: The use of computers in Australia's Department of Social Security (DSS) has facilitated changes in social security policy and its administration by enabling administrative practices to be extended into new areas.
Abstract: Attempts to establish the extent to which the use of computers in Australia’s Department of Social Security (DSS) has facilitated changes in social security policy and its administration. Bases findings on case studies relating to two new DSS policies, supplemented with documentary evidence. Identifies that computers are used in the DSS for six main purposes ‐ administering, automating, protecting, monitoring and evaluating policy, as well as for modelling future policy options. Identifies that, instead of increasing efficiency in administration, computers have simply increased productivity by enabling administrative practices to be extended into new areas; observes an emerging computer‐dependent culture dominated by quantitative (rather than qualitative) practices. Establishes that the flexibility offered by computer technology has also contributed to the introduction of more complex social security policies. Concludes that computer technology has contributed to the formulation and administration of social security policies.
TL;DR: The authors investigates the possible social causes of unemployment and focuses on how competition among employers can increase and perpetuate already high levels of unemployment, and concludes that competitive unemployment is a reality and suggests possible solutions.
Abstract: Investigates the possible social causes of unemployment; focuses on how competition among employers can increase and perpetuate already high levels of unemployment. Starts from the premise that, despite divergent attitudes, most industrialized nations make some collective provision for the unemployed, with firms ultimately bearing the costs. Describes how, although a firm may reduce its labour force to save money, it is ultimately, albeit collectively, paying the costs of unemployment via taxes to the State ‐ the main effect is to redistribute the costs to other organizations; depicts a resulting downward spiral in the economy. Looks at the relationships between increased productivity and the costs to society. Concludes that competitive unemployment is a reality and suggests possible solutions.
TL;DR: The IWW/Earth First Local 1 project as mentioned in this paper brought loggers and environmentalists together in an attempt to combine labour and ecology issues, and discussed the common ground shared by labor and ecology movements and presented some learnings from the project for future mainstream environmental policies.
Abstract: Profiles the development of the project IWW/Earth First Local 1, a group which brought loggers and environmentalists together in an attempt to combine labour and ecology issues. Describes anarchosyndicalist ideas that formed the basis of this alliance, suggesting that these have some merit for present day ecologists. Considers the common ground shared by labour and ecology movements and presents some learnings from the project for future mainstream environmental policies.
TL;DR: This paper argued that there is a fundamental theoretical error in defining housework as unpaid as market concepts are being applied to non-market work and pointed out the gender differences and the recent changes in the twentieth century.
Abstract: Looks at the historical positioning of housework as unpaid and questions the correctness of this idea. States that there is a fundamental theoretical error in defining housework as unpaid as market concepts are being applied to non‐market work. Continues to distinguish between the two markets considering the features of both, outlining the gender differences and the recent changes in the twentieth century.
TL;DR: The authors examined the extent to which social policy adopted by the colonial government in Hong Kong (prior to its handover China in 1997) has set the agenda for the government of the newly formed Special Administrative Region (SAR).
Abstract: Examines the extent to which social policy adopted by the colonial government in Hong Kong (prior to its hand‐over China in 1997) has set the agenda for the government of the newly formed Special Administrative Region (SAR). Chronicles the historical development of social policy in Hong Kong since the inception of the colonial government in 1842; identifies that, with the exception of a short‐lived period of expansionism (stimulated by social unrest in the mid‐1960’s) social welfare provision appears to have been low on the government’s agenda and incremental in nature ‐ the emphasis being on economic growth, rather than public spending on welfare programmes. Examines the strengths and weaknesses of this incremental approach; outlines the commitment of the SAR government to the market economy and its proposals for a modest increase in welfare provision, essentially building on the legacy left behind by the colonial government.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the approach to interpreting earnings equality found in the writings of a variety of economists and in particular, technological change and its effects on the demand skill resulting in earning inequality.
Abstract: Focuses on the approach to interpreting earnings equality found in the writings of a variety of economists and in particular, technological change and its effects on the demand skill resulting in earning inequality Argues that the evidence in favour of the technological effect is weak and presents some alternatives for further consideration
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of 14 to 19 year olds in a small rural town in northeastern Missouri was conducted to measure self-esteem and personal characteristics together with physical activity, health knowledge and diet, enabling the researchers to make observations regarding gender differences and influences on health behavior.
Abstract: Considers the need for school aged children to develop their own health behaviours as often both parents have to work. Outlines the findings of a survey of 14 to 19 year olds in a small rural town in northeastern Missouri. Measures qualities such as self esteem and personal characteristics together with physical activity, health knowledge and diet, enabling the researchers to make observations regarding gender differences and influences on health behaviour. Suggests some implications for educators and parents.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed three groups of East Germans in their transitions from education to employment and subsequent careers from 1985 onwards, concluding that changes in macro structure and life courses are closely interrelated.
Abstract: Outlines the experiences of East Germany as unification takes place. Presents the findings of a study analysing three groups of East Germans in their transitions from education to employment and subsequent careers from 1985 onwards. Suggests that the findings indicate that changes in macro structure and life courses are closely interrelated. Covers mobility, unemployment, retraining, competition, fertility rates and coping strategies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show the wider social impact of collective redundancy creating recruits for the "flexible" sector of the labour force, those on temporary contracts, part time and self employed.
Abstract: Attempts to show the wider social impact of collective redundancy creating recruits for the “flexible” sector of the labour force, those on temporary contracts, part time and self employed. Considers the way collective redundancy has changed the demographic structure of the UK labour force including a sizeable number of older unemployed individuals and many female part time workers. Argues that this could be seen as limited empowerment, labour market enfranchisement for women or marginalization of the traditional older male worker.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main issues in declining membership facing the Anglican Church in Wales including doctrine, clergy, laity, evangelism and variety in worship, are discussed, and the growth of charismatic churches and the success of those with stricter codes.
Abstract: Outlines some of the main issues in declining membership facing the Anglican Church in Wales including doctrine, clergy, laity, evangelism and variety in worship. Considers the growth of charismatic churches and the success of those with stricter codes. Concludes that many look to the church for occasional offices such as birth, marriage and death but little else. Advocates an element of strictness in order that the individual can see a difference in belonging. Points to a growth in affluence bringing tolerance and respectability and a fall in the birth rate of potential adherents.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that abortion is a crime based on the scientific and philosophical evidence available and dispute further points believed by pro-choice advocates, arguing that the evidence is insufficient.
Abstract: Outlines the Libertarian framework of rights and obligations in abortion. Argues that abortion is homicide based upon the scientific and philosophic evidence available and disputes further points believed by abortion proponents.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mother has the right to remove herself as the life support system from an unborn child and the child is then seen as a trespasser and is punished by capital punishment.
Abstract: Refutes the suggestion that the mother has the right to remove herself as the life support system from an unborn child. Cites responsibilities in creating the child and argues the child is then seen as a trespasser and is punished by capital punishment.
TL;DR: In this article, the government can play a neutral role in the abortion debate and what this means practically, and the argument is only used if it supports the view of the proponent and proffers the suggestion that the statement really means that the government is serving the wants of this person.
Abstract: Questions whether the government can play a neutral role in the abortion debate and what this means practically. Suggests the argument is only used if it supports the view of the proponent and proffers the suggestion that the statement really means that the government is serving the wants of this person.
TL;DR: A study into the urban health issues of Muslim minorities, in the city of Aligarh, India, in 1991‐1993, concludes that basic health information is still lacking, with women, children and elderly being the most vulnerable.
Abstract: Reports the results of a study into the urban health issues of Muslim minorities, in the city of Aligarh, India, in 1991‐1993. Outlines the conceptual framework and presents the methodology before providing a brief portrait of the Muslim minority status and urbanization. Concludes that basic health information is still lacking. Comments that infectious diseases, malnutrition and occupational diseases are the most common, with women, children and elderly being the most vulnerable.
TL;DR: This paper argued that the parent's duty to care for their child begins at conception and is a form of involuntary servitude and compared this with the military draft and argued that more emphasis should be placed on parental obligations.
Abstract: Outlines the authors’ influences whilst forming a pro‐life view. States that the parent’s duty to care for their child begins at conception and is a form of involuntary servitude. Compares this with the military draft and argues that more emphasis should be placed on parental obligations.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors argues that abortion creates classes of people who have no rights and can therefore be killed and compares this with property rights under which masters formerly possessed slaves and asks where these rights end.
Abstract: States that to remain consistent, abortion can not be justified as all individuals have certain inalienable rights, including the right to life. Argues that abortion creates classes of people who have no rights and can therefore be killed. Compares this with property rights under which masters formerly possessed slaves and asks where these rights end.
TL;DR: In this article, the development of the British welfare state from its conception in 1945 through to the present day, focussing on recent reforms in community care provisions and the role of social workers, the authors discuss attempts by the government's political opposition in the UK to break the consensus on welfare and consider whether the recent change in political power has materially altered the direction of policy relating to care in the community.
Abstract: Discusses attempts by the government’s political opposition (in the UK) to break the consensus on welfare and considers whether the recent change in political power has materially altered the direction of policy relating to care in the community and the role of social workers. Charts the development of the British welfare state from its conception in 1945 through to the present day, focussing on recent reforms in community care provisions and the role of social workers; details how the profession has been undermined by a series of events and profiles the former government’s response. Identifies that the welfare role of social workers has diminished, and been replaced with a social control function. Concludes that, despite the legacy inherited from the previous government, a shift in the political approach to social services and community care provision is discernible.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the finding of a study into childcare in Chicago and identify the future plans and perceptions of the childcare providers, focusing particularly on potential business expansion and environmental barriers.
Abstract: Considers the question of childcare availability in relation to demand. Presents the finding of a study into childcare in Chicago. Attempts to identify the future plans and perceptions of the childcare providers. Focuses particularly on potential business expansion and environmental barriers. Concludes that demand outstrips supply by more than three times but owners are not planning to expand and legislative requirements appear to be a high factor in this decision.