Showing papers in "Journal of International Marketing in 1999"
TL;DR: In this article, a study of 196 small high-technology firms embraces the areas of internationalization of entrepreneurially led firms and the early stages of the international growth and development of high-tech firms.
Abstract: This study of 196 small high-technology firms embraces the areas of the internationalization of entrepreneurially led firms and the early stages of the international growth and development of high-...
465 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that it is more relevant to examine foreign trade than using a single theoretical framework in the context of large manufacturing firms, and propose a framework for examining foreign trade.
Abstract: Internationalization traditionally has been examined using a single theoretical framework in the context of large manufacturing firms. The authors argue that it is more relevant to examine foreign ...
370 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the international behavior of Scottish arts and crafts businesses that are instant internationals is presented, where the internationalization process is analyzed together with the business characteristics of these businesses.
Abstract: This article deals with a study of the international behavior of Scottish arts and crafts businesses that are “instant internationals.” The internationalization process is analyzed together with th...
290 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how organizational dimensions, including corporate culture and market orientation, affect performance in major Indian firms and use a framework (the universal high-p pe...
Abstract: The authors examine how organizational dimensions, including corporate culture and market orientation, affect performance in major Indian firms. The research uses a framework (the universal high pe...
273 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines a comprehensive list of environmental conditions that affect the decision to standardize, as well as the relationship of strategy standardization and planning with static (pre-existing) strategies.
Abstract: This article examines a comprehensive list of environmental conditions that affect the decision to standardize, as well as the relationship of strategy standardization and planning with static (pre...
247 citations
TL;DR: The role of immigrant ethnic entrepreneurs in the small business milieu of the developed world has been studied within sociology for the past three decades as discussed by the authors, and the role of immigrants in this milieu has been discussed extensively.
Abstract: The role of immigrant ethnic entrepreneurs in the small business milieu of the developed world has been studied within sociology for the past three decades. This article attempts to generate intere...
175 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a strategy process study of export withdrawal is presented, and an in-depth comparative study of four export withdrawals results in a complex, six-staged strategy process model.
Abstract: This article presents a strategy process study of export withdrawal. An in-depth comparative study of four export withdrawals results in a complex, six-staged strategy process model. The cases illu...
105 citations
TL;DR: The Web overcomes many of the traditional problems inherent in the marketing of international services, and marketing managers must re-evaluate their approach to marketing international services as mentioned in this paper, which is a difficult task in this new era of cyberservice.
Abstract: The Web overcomes many of the traditional problems inherent in the marketing of international services. In this new era of cyberservice, marketing managers must reappraise their approach to marketi...
89 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors argues that government-imposed barriers and structural impediments, which previously segmented and protected domestic markets, are falling rapidly, and technological advances in production, transportation, and telecommunications-especially the Internet-allow even the smallest firms access to customers, suppliers, and collaborators around the world.
Abstract: International marketing is changing dramatically. Government-imposed barriers and structural impediments, which previously segmented and protected domestic markets, are falling rapidly, and technological advances in production, transportation, and telecommunications-especially the Internet-allow even the smallest firms access to customers, suppliers, and collaborators around the world. Economic growth and innovation, both domestically and internationally, are fuelled increasingly by small companies and/or entrepreneurial enterprises. These trends will have a profound impact on marketing strategies, public policies, and the daily lives of everyone.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the linkages among relationship commitment, cross-cultural adaptation, relational norms, and international joint venture interaction frequency were examined, and the value of cross-culture adaptation was explored.
Abstract: This research examines the linkages among relationship commitment, cross-cultural adaptation, relational norms, and international joint venture (IJV) interaction frequency. It explores the value of...
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed and tested a relationship between mass media availability and new product sales in a multicountry environment and derived theoretical support from the behavioral and modeling l...
Abstract: This article proposes and tests a relationship between mass media availability and new product sales in a multicountry environment. Theoretical support is derived from the behavioral and modeling l...
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of marketing in the new product development process from a sociopolitical influence perspective is explored, and the authors make an explicit distinction between the participation and influe...
Abstract: This article explores the role of marketing in the new product development process from a sociopolitical influence perspective. It makes an explicit distinction between the participation and influe...
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual framework of the relationship between the marketing-research and development interface and new product performance in export markets is developed, based on the literature, and a conceptual relationship between marketing and R&D interfaces is discussed.
Abstract: On the basis of the literature, a conceptual framework of the relationship between the marketing-research and development (R&D) interface and new product performance in export markets is developed....
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for analyzing multicultural marketing in terms of the interrelations among different cultures in Australia is presented, where the authors present a framework to analyze the challenges and opportunities for marketers in Australia's multicultural society.
Abstract: Australia's multicultural society presents challenges and opportunities for marketers. This article presents a framework for analyzing multicultural marketing in terms of the interrelations among t...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidance to international managers for selling to public and private-sector companies in emerging countries, using the CSPs' CSP-CARE tool.
Abstract: Existing literature provides little guidance to international managers for selling to public- and private-sector companies in emerging countries. This research attempts to fill this gap using the c...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate coordination and concentration of firms' global product research and development (R&D) and their effect on the firm's global strategic position and find that some internal and external a...
Abstract: The authors investigate coordination and concentration of firms’ global product research and development (R&D) and their effect on the firm's global strategic position. Some internal and external a...
TL;DR: The Culture Classification Model examines cultural differences from a broad behavioral perspective and provides a framework for comparisons across groups as mentioned in this paper. But the model does not consider the cultural differences at a fundamental level, and the knowledge, experience and ability to conduct business successfully in one culture does not necessarily transfer to another.
Abstract: Because cultures differ at a fundamental level, the knowledge, experience, and ability to conduct business successfully in one culture does not necessarily transfer to another. Learning and mastering the cultural nuances of every cultural group in the world is an ideal goal in the global marketplace, but not a realistic one. The Culture Classification Model examines cultural differences from a broad behavioral perspective and provides a framework for comparisons across groups. Each business exchange will be unique and may deviate from this model, but it provides a starting point when preparing for a business exchange with someone from another culture.
TL;DR: The Japanese market has become even more cutthroat in the post-bubble era, the period following the Japanese economic collapse as mentioned in this paper, and only the fittest are likely to su...
Abstract: Long noted as highly competitive, the Japanese market has become even more cutthroat in the “post-bubble” era, the period following the Japanese economic collapse. Only the fittest are likely to su...
TL;DR: When firms expand beyond single market boundaries, problems grow exponentially as mentioned in this paper, such as poor selection of markets, underestimation of competitors, misunderstanding of customer differences, and entry at the wrong price.
Abstract: When firms expand beyond single market boundaries, problems grow exponentially. Poor selection of markets, underestimation of competitors, misunderstanding of customer differences, and entry at the wrong price are all common pitfalls. So, too, are the failure to contemplate what expansion within any one market will imply and the choice of inappropriate partners.
TL;DR: In this paper, U.S., Japanese, and German executives were asked whether firms should depend on existing international marketing managers, and the majority of the respondents said that they did not.
Abstract: A competent international marketing manager is critical to any firm's international success. In this study, U.S., Japanese, and German executives were asked whether firms should depend on existing ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the Chinese Business Environment: The Rules of the Game, the Players in the Game and the Chinese Legal System: Rule of Man and Rule by Law Crimes Against Foreign Business Personnel.
Abstract: Preface Abbreviations Doing Business with China: East Does Not Meet West Doing Business with China: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly The Chinese Business Environment: The Rules of the Game The Chinese Business Environment: The Players in the Game The Chinese Legal System: Rule of Man and Rule by Law Crimes Against Foreign Business Personnel A Concluding Word of Warning Bibliography Index
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed examination of the "tests of transformation" statutes, which form the international basis for determination of country marking, is presented, and practical examples are provided to illustrate their strategic uses.
Abstract: The country marking displayed by a product repeatedly has been found to affect consumer product evaluations. This study provides a detailed examination of the “tests of transformation” statutes, which form the international basis for determination of country marking. Four major legal tests (name, character, and use; essence; value-added; and article of commerce) are presented, and practical examples are provided to illustrate their strategic uses. Finally, strategic guidelines are provided for global marketing strategists for obtaining appropriate country markings.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the development of emerging markets and highlight the importance of newly emerging markets, especially for u.s. multinational corporations, noting that emerging markets are less developed countries with policies conductive to increased growth and the ability to attract new technologies, foreign investment, or any other type of external participation.
Abstract: The book is divided into six parts. Part 1, \"Emerging Market Development,\" consists of four chapters. In Chapter 1, the importance of newly emerging markets is stressed, especially for u.s. multinational corporations. Even though the definition of an emerging market is not specified, it is mostly clear to the reader that they are economies in transition to market economies (creating assumptions for sustainable growth). Russell later makes the distinction between emerging markets and less developed countries, noting that emerging markets are less developed countries \"with policies conductive to increased growth\" (p. 18) and the ability to attract new technologies, foreign investment, or any other type of external participation. A common characteristic of all emerging markets is that they \"potentially provide exceptional growth opportunities accompanied by the elements of accessibility, stability, continuity, and diversity\" (p. 18). The dynamic aspect of development of emerging markets is emphasized, and the following developmental phases are recognized: preemerging, emerging, accelerated growth, and maturing. The duration of each phase varies from country to country, depending on the individual rate of economic progress each country can achieve.