Showing papers in "Journal of Psychiatric Research in 1992"

TL;DR: The likelihood that large portions of personality may be independent from current mood and the likelihood that some precisely delineated personality domains tend to change simultaneously with current mood may improve the understanding of the relationship of personality to emotionality and affective disorders.

TL;DR: There was a significant positive relationship between the overall severity of illness on one hand, and the degrees of leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytotic on the other, which might point to the existence of an inflammatory process in major depressed subjects, particularly in males.

TL;DR: This study compared three versions of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS): "traditional" interviewer-administered DIS; computer- Administered DIS (subject interacting alone with computer); computer-prompted DIS (interviewer using computer program as a guide).

TL;DR: An animal model of schizophrenic-like attentional deficit, consisting of an inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli, is presented which accommodates a neurodevelopmental dysfunction, hippocampal pathology, mesolimbic DA overactivity, vulnerability to stress, and gender differences, all of which have been postulated as factors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The cumulative results contribute strong support to the contention that global attentional dysfunctions may be viewed as a biobehavioral marker for the genetic liability to schizophrenic disorders.

TL;DR: This paper found that nonparanoid schizophrenics were more accurate than paranoids at labeling negative facial affects, suggesting well-developed negative emotional aspects in their cognitive schema, while paranoids were less accurate than non-paranoids at identifying negative facial affect.

TL;DR: Overall comparison of the Irish and Israeli cohorts revealed striking differences, and subjects from the Irish sample performed more poorly on many of the tests than Israeli subjects, while within cohort differences remained.

TL;DR: The article presents a general framework organizing the process of diagnostic validation and discusses strategies for research seeking to validate psychiatric diagnoses achieved through the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.

TL;DR: The relationship between the prevalence of influenza and birth date has been found more consistently for female than male schizophrenics, and this raises the question of whether part of the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may comprise an abnormal reaction to maternal influenza.

TL;DR: The paper focuses principally on smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities, and claims a plausible place for them as an independent expression of schizophrenia, since familial distributions of schizophrenia and pursuit abnormalities, considered together, appear to fit an autosomal dominant pattern.

TL;DR: This is the first study to report on the and specificity of five psychiatric diagnoses made in a substance abusing population using the family history method and the results are discussed in terms of increasing the accuracy of thefamily history method.

TL;DR: A childhood history of anxiety disorders and co-morbid diagnoses of social phobia and major depression were each associated with relatively higher rates of alcohol dependence, due primarily to higher than expected rates among women.

TL;DR: The differential risk for schizophrenia in the relatives of male and female probands demonstrated in this study, as well as others, suggests that males and females may be at different risk for subtypes of the disorder.

TL;DR: It is suggested that future high-risk prospective studies and genetic investigations should include measures of affective temperament, as these temperamental dysregulations constitute the intermediate step between predisposing familial-genetic factors in affective illness and gender-related clinical expressions of mood disorders.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the nasal route for naloxone administration is as effective as the parenteral route and is sensitive enough to identify the physically-dependent opiate user and might have a role in emergency medicine and withdrawal treatment.

TL;DR: It is suggested that most existing designs for studying linkage in schizophrenia do not have sufficient power to detect a major contributing locus, even if one is present, and inclusion in the linkage design of phenotypes genetically related to schizophrenia, but more commonly found in the relatives of schizophrenia itself, may increase the power of linkage analysis substantially.

TL;DR: A new integrated threshold model is constructed: unipolar depression in men is probably a homogeneous disease with reference to overall severity of illness, but--as severity increases--vital symptoms emerge, grouping together into a distinct profile, i.e., vital depression.

TL;DR: It is suggested that patients with MD show different ACTH and cortisol responses to hypoglycemic stress which are not explained by negative feedback of baseline ACTH or cortisol, glucose nadir, or the number of depressive symptoms per se.

TL;DR: It has been shown that, in the first 48-72 h of alcohol withdrawal, both groups consumed similar amounts of additional clomethiazole medication, and no significant effect of nimodipine on the acute alcohol withdrawal state could be demonstrated.

TL;DR: The prevalence of a disorder in the Biological relatives of adoptees with that disorder in comparison with biological relatives of control adoptee offers a useful test for the expression of genetic factors in the disorder, but also a much needed evaluation of the validity of diagnoses based on clinical observation.

TL;DR: The place of the schizophrenic syndrome in relation to nosological theories is described, including the questions of schizophrenia being a disease entity, or several entities, or even a part of a continuum, or just a symptomatically characterized reaction form.

TL;DR: Experimental results are discussed which indicate that animal studies will provide a sort of test for hypotheses arising in clinical settings, allowing gene-product and product-behavior pathways to be examined at molecular levels when the gene accounts for a very small amount of genetic variance.

TL;DR: Genomic imprinting may play a role in several mental illnesses, and may provide an explanation for the unusual inheritance pattern in fragile-X syndrome, for the phenotypic differences observed between Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes, and for the juvenile onset form of Huntington disease.

TL;DR: Midazolam anaesthesia offers no advantage over standard anaesthetic agents for ECT, and the muscle relaxant effect of midazolham failed to provide optimal paralysis.

TL;DR: Although the observed changes manifested in a system known to be disturbed in other forms of depression, they were in affinity rather than Bmax or Vmax, suggesting biochemical abnormalities specific to the puerperal period.

TL;DR: Study of Alzheimer patients and healthy controls of comparable age and gender found no significant difference in the distribution of total lymphocytes between these groups, and totalymphocytes were not significantly correlated with dementia severity.

TL;DR: The efforts to identify a gene involved in bipolar illness using a large, multigenerational Old Order Amish pedigree with many affected individuals, with over 250 markers spaced at approximately 20 centiMorgans that detect restriction length fragment polymorphisms are described.

TL;DR: It is concluded that using the relatives of well acquaintances is a cost-effective control selection methodology which maximizes the detection of intergenerational transmission in family studies of mental disorder.

TL;DR: Borrowing a model from the theory of contagious diseases, it is shown that contagion will cause prevalence to increase with sibship size and the magnitude of the contagious factor relative to non-contagious factors is estimated.

TL;DR: It is suggested that partial allosteric modulators (partial agonists) of GABAA receptors and the phosphothioate or methylphosphonate analogs antisense to specific mRNA oligonucleotides that mediate the expression of genetic information concerning GAB AA and glutamate receptor subunits may become valuable tools in psychiatric research.