Showing papers in "Journal of Transcultural Nursing in 2014"
153 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that social support and acculturative stress are related factors in preventing depression and promoting HRQOL, especially mental health, among Vietnamese immigrant women.
Abstract: Purpose: Promoting the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important aim of nursing care for immigrant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of HRQOL and its relationships...
54 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that positive attitudes toward older people exist; despite this, it is obvious that more efforts are required to enhance these attitudes.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of nursing and medical students toward older people in Turkey. Method: This was a cross-sectional and comparative descriptive study. The Turkish version of Kogan’s Old People Scale was used to evaluate attitudes toward older people among 618 students. Results: Medical students showed more positive attitudes toward older people than nursing students. Students who were females, whose economic income was less than expenditure, and who were not interested in working with older people after graduation showed less positive attitudes. Conclusion: The results suggested that positive attitudes toward older people exist; despite this, it is obvious that more efforts are required to enhance these attitudes. Implications for Practice: Revision and improvement in curricula are needed to enhance the attitudes of students toward older people, and lecturers in schools should further consider the need to prepare students for their roles as caregivers for thi...
45 citations
TL;DR: Introducing the topic of cultural competence for nursing students in the first-year Introduction to Nursing course as an integrative learning strategy revealed significant increases in cultural competence scores.
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase general cultural competence of first-year nursing students. Design: This was a quasi-experimental study that used a convenience sample with an experimental group and a control group and pre- and posttesting. The sample comprised 146 first-year nursing students enrolled in the Introduction to Nursing course divided into an intervention group (n = 58) of students from one school and a control group (n = 88) including students from two schools. The intervention group received a 2-hour faculty lecture on cultural competence, and students prepared and delivered a student group presentation about a cultural group in Israel, basing the presentation on Campinha-Bacote’s five constructs. A demographic data instrument and Campinha-Bacote’s Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professional–Revised© were used for pre- and posttesting. Findings: Students who received the educational intervention inc...
45 citations
TL;DR: Although interventions are planned and implemented to achieve and maintain self-management in individuals with diabetes, strengthening psychosocial factors, particularly self-efficacy, may contribute to adjustment to disease and good glycemic control in the long term.
Abstract: Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of psychosocial factors on self-care behavior and glycemic control in Turkish patients with type 2 diabete...
41 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that acculturation influences parenting beliefs, attitudes, and practices, as well as parent-child relationships among Chinese immigrants, and is associated with negative child outcomes.
Abstract: Purpose: To systematically review and synthesize existing findings on acculturation and its implications on parenting for Chinese immigrants. Method: Three electronic databases were searched for or...
37 citations
TL;DR: Making home visits and teaching others from a different culture increased students’ transcultural self-efficacy, and reflexive photography is a more robust method of self-reflection, especially for visual learners.
Abstract: Purpose: This qualitative descriptive study used reflexive photography to evaluate the learning process of cultural competence during an international service-learning project in Guatemala. Reflexi...
34 citations
TL;DR: The use of short answers such as “Describe the bias you experienced” and “If a patient refused care, what was the reason given?” to increase understandings about bias through the descriptions of Hispanic nurses is described.
Abstract: Purpose: The continuing issue of health inequity for Hispanics highlights the importance of retaining Hispanic nurses in the workplace. This article describes the use of short answers such as “Describe the bias you experienced” and “If a patient refused care, what was the reason given?” to increase understandings about bias through the descriptions of Hispanic nurses. In this study, bias was defined as those implicit negative stereotypes and attitudes that negatively affect judgments about, evaluations of, and actions toward others. Design/Method: For this qualitative component of a descriptive study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, 111 Hispanic nurses responded to open-ended questions about experiences of bias that were included with a survey tool and demographic questionnaire. Findings: Three themes emerged: being overlooked and undervalued, having to prove competency, and living with “only-ness.” Respect was an overarching concept. Discussion/Conclusions: The written descriptions of...
33 citations
TL;DR: Spirituality is multidimensional and multilevel and is interconnected with religiosity and personal belief and Nurses need to understand their own spirituality before they can incorporate spirituality in their patient care.
Abstract: Purpose: To explore Australian nursing students’ perceptions of spirituality, religiosity, and personal belief. Background: Spiritual and religious literature support the benefits to patients’ phys...
29 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences that Hispanic MSM residing in South Florida have with high-risk sex, substance abuse, and intimate partner violence.
Abstract: Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) experience a number of health disparities including high rates of HIV infection from high-risk sex, substance abuse, and intimate partner violence. Although some research is available to document the relationships of these health disparities in the literature, few studies have explored the intersection of these disparities and the factors that influence them. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences that Hispanic MSM residing in South Florida have with high-risk sex, substance abuse, and intimate partner violence. Focus groups were conducted and analyzed using grounded theory methodology until data saturation was reached (n = 20). Two core categories with subcategories emerged from the data: The Roots of Risk (Los raices del riesgo) and The Tangled Branches (Las Ramas Enredadas). The results of the study provided some important clinical implications as well as directions for future research with Hispanic MSM.
28 citations
TL;DR: The experience and impact of racism on Māori registered nurses within the New Zealand health system is explored, with participants experienced racism on institutional, interpersonal, and internalized levels, leading to marginalization and being overworked yet undervalued.
Abstract: Purpose: Substantial health disparities exist between Māori—the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand—and non-Māori New Zealanders. This article explores the experience and impact of racism on ...
TL;DR: This work explores the application of ecological modeling, specifically at individual, institutional, and policy levels, within an Australian context to critique the factors that shape the development of parenting capacity within refugee families settling in a new Western country.
Abstract: Children in families with parents from refugee backgrounds are often viewed as a vulnerable group with increased risks of developing physical or psychological problems. However, there is very little research regarding the strategies that parents might use to parent their children in a new country while they also manage the interrelated challenges of poverty, social isolation, maternal stress, and mental ill health that often go along with resettlement. We explore the application of ecological modeling, specifically at individual, institutional, and policy levels, within an Australian context to critique the factors that shape the development of parenting capacity within refugee families settling in a new Western country. Ecological modeling enables examination of how public policy at local state and national levels influences the individual and family directly and through the organizations that are given the task of implementing many of the policy recommendations. Recommendations for health practice and r...
TL;DR: Traditional birth attendants are valued by mothers, health professionals, and the community because they provide accessible and affordable care to mothers who may otherwise have no access to health services.
Abstract: Study Purpose: Describe practices of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in assisting women in childbirth and the perceptions of TBAs by mothers and health professionals familiar with their work. Methodology: Qualitative design using focus groups conducted in urban and rural settings in Sierra Leone. Separate audiotaped focus groups conducted for each group of participants lasting between 45 and 90 minutes. Participants: Purposive sample of 20 TBAs, 20 mothers, and 10 health professionals who met the following criteria: (a) at least 18 years of age, (b) TBAs currently practicing, (c) mothers who delivered at least one child assisted by a TBA, and (d) health professionals currently practicing in the hospital and familiar with TBA practices. Findings: TBAs are valued by mothers, health professionals, and the community because they provide accessible and affordable care to mothers who may otherwise have no access to health services. TBAs need training, supervision, and resources for effective referral of mot...
TL;DR: The efforts of this project to improve education around the globe are described, with the goal of providing excellent, compassionate palliative care, irrespective of location, financial status, political views, religion, race, and/or ethnicity.
Abstract: Many challenges exist when providing international education to those who care for people at the end of life. Though issues related to culture and language may vary, the one commonality that crosses all nations is that its people die. In general, societies seek to provide the best care they are trained to give. Many have few resources to provide this care well. Traditions of the past influence norms and dictate policies and procedures of the present. Since its inception in 2000, the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Project has provided palliative care education to nurses and other members of the interdisciplinary team in six of the seven continents. This article describes the efforts of this project to improve education around the globe, with the goal of providing excellent, compassionate palliative care, irrespective of location, financial status, political views, religion, race, and/or ethnicity.
TL;DR: The conceptual model of the adaptation processes of 14 Japanese nurses working in Australia includes the seeking, acclimatizing, and settling phases, which are not mutually exclusive and the process is not necessarily uniformly linear.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences of Japanese nurses and their adaptation to their work environment in Australia. Using a qualitative research method and semistru...
TL;DR: Vida Saludable was an early childhood obesity intervention designed to be culturally appropriate for low-income Hispanic mothers with preschool children to improve maternal physical activity and reduce children’s sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
Abstract: Childhood obesity affects approximately 20% of U.S. preschool children. Early prevention is needed to reduce young children's risks for obesity, especially among Hispanic preschool children who have one of the highest rates of obesity. Vida Saludable was an early childhood obesity intervention designed to be culturally appropriate for low-income Hispanic mothers with preschool children to improve maternal physical activity and reduce children's sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. It was conducted at a large southwestern United States urban health center. Presented here are the methods and rationale employed to develop and culturally adapt Vida Saludable, followed by scoring and ranking of the intervention's cultural adaptations. An empowered community helped design the customized, culturally relevant program via a collaborative partnership between two academic research institutions, a community health center, and stakeholders. Improved health behaviors in the participants may be attributed in part to this community-engagement approach. The intervention's cultural adaptations were scored and received a high comprehensive rank. Postprogram evaluation of the intervention indicated participant satisfaction. The information presented provides investigators with guidelines, a template, and a scoring tool for developing, implementing, and evaluating culturally adapted interventions for ethnically diverse populations.
TL;DR: Data revealed that participants constructed implicit theories of the identity, causes, consequences, timeline, and controllability of diabetes, which were inconsistent with the biomedical literature.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore diabetes self-management strategies and underpinnings of behaviors among Vietnamese with type 2 diabetes. Using Leventhal’s illness representation model, semistructured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 23 participants, 14 women and 9 men. NVivo 8 software was used for content analysis. Data revealed that participants constructed implicit theories of the identity, causes, consequences, timeline, and controllability of diabetes, which were inconsistent with the biomedical literature. Participants labeled diabetes by their symptoms of hypo-/hyperglycemia, and they focused on the relief of these symptoms. However, the participants’ focus on symptomatology undermined their use of blood glucose monitoring to manage diabetes as a majority of the participants had diabetes-related complications. Participants integrated the continuum of Eastern and Western treatment belief systems to achieve a balance to create harmony between the two systems.
TL;DR: This study revealed Japanese men’s own voice on becoming first-time fathers of infants and created essence of the phenomenon of “becoming a father.”
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of the lived experience of Japanese men during the transition to fatherhood. Design: Hermeneutic phenomenology was used. Participants were 12 Japanese men who had a first-time healthy child younger than 1 year of age, who were sought by using a purposeful sampling technique. Findings: The following six themes were identified: (1) feeling like a father; (2) realizing oneself as a husband; (3) finding the wife’s pregnancy and delivery for the first time to be an impressive experience; (4) sharing time and space with one’s child; (5) being aware of a change and trying to adjust to a new life; and (6) being aware of the difference between oneself and one’s wife. These six themes created essence of the phenomenon of “becoming a father.” Discussion: This study revealed Japanese men’s own voice on becoming first-time fathers of infants.
TL;DR: Somali people with VIP experience profound unmet social and health care needs related largely to social support, awareness of mobility options, and the stigmatization of visual impairment.
Abstract: Purpose: To explore the health and social care needs of Somali refugees with visual impairment (VIP). Design: We conducted a three-phased focused ethnography in collaboration with the Horn of Africa Blind Society (HABS) through all stages from research design to findings dissemination. Method: Engaging in participatory research, HABS members (n = 26), service providers (n = 10), and two Somali community groups (n = 8 and n = 7) whose members were sighted (Phase 1) took part in four focus group interviews. Phases 2 and 3 consisted of interviews with Somali refugees with VIP (n = 32) and their informal carers (n = 5). We used framework data analysis methodology. Findings: Four major themes emerged: (1) sociocultural perceptions of blindness and visual impairment, (2) access to services, (3) isolation and insecurity, and (4) mobility. Conclusion: Somali people with VIP experience profound unmet social and health care needs related largely to social support, awareness of mobility options, and the stigmatizati...
TL;DR: Investigating the experiences of African American women during this transition period provides insight into the interventional needs during and after the cessation of breast cancer treatment, and Spirituality was shown to be present in many levels as a protective factor during this period.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this synthesis is to explore the experience of the transition from cancer patient to survivor in African Americans with breast cancer, addressing the risk/ protective factors that have an influence on successful transition using the social ecological model. Methods: The investigator searched CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases. Articles were assessed for content addressing risk and protective factors of transition in African American breast cancer survivorship. Eleven research articles were obtained and synthesized. Results: Risk and protective factors exist at all levels of the social ecological model. Emotional issues are prevalent after the cessation of cancer treatment, enhanced by the lack of social support in this population. Spirituality was shown to be present in many levels as a protective factor during this period. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The entrance to survivorship represents a time of increased stressors and subsequent coping. Through careful iden...
TL;DR: Four IOM recommendations that are directly relevant to internationally educated nurses who practice across borders are addressed: nurse residency programs, lifelong learning, leading change to advance health, and interprofessional health care workforce data.
Abstract: The 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, challenges the nursing profession to take a key role in redesigning the health care system. Intended to shape the future of nursing in the United States, the IOM report has implications for nursing worldwide. While individual states and nursing organizations are developing initiatives to implement the IOM recommendations in the United States, there must be a concomitant effort to examine the ripple effect on global health and the nursing community. This article addresses four IOM recommendations that are directly relevant to internationally educated nurses who practice across borders: nurse residency programs, lifelong learning, leading change to advance health, and interprofessional health care workforce data. The article discusses the IOM recommendations through a global perspective and offers policy implications for legislators, health care organizations and nurse educators, regulators and administrators.
TL;DR: The authors conducted a qualitative study with 14 South Asian women in Hong Kong to explore their perception and experiences of domestic violence by an intimate partner, and found that the context in which domestic violence is experienced influences women's perception and understanding of domestic abuse.
Abstract: PURPOSE: This qualitative study was conducted with 14 South Asian women in Hong Kong to explore their perception and experiences of domestic violence by an intimate partner. DESIGN: All interviews were transcribed and then coded based on the process of coding suggested by Strauss and Corbin, including both open and axial coding. RESULTS: Data analysis resulted in two main core categories, "Women's perception of domestic violence" and "Cultural factors that influence their help-seeking behavior," denoting that the context in which domestic violence is experienced influences women's perception and understanding of domestic violence. Participants also drew on the discourse of culture to explain its role in their experiences of domestic violence. CONCLUSION: Domestic violence is a concern among this group of South Asian women. Culturally appropriate domestic violence services and public education on domestic violence are needed for this community. Language: en
TL;DR: The results supported the construct validity and reliability of the TISE-SF for measuring infertility self-efficacy in a population of Turkish women.
Abstract: Purpose: To translate and test the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form (TISE-SF). Methods: The convenience sample consisted of 120 infer...
TL;DR: Examination of a 9-week instructional intervention designed to increase 24 Caucasian American occupational therapy students’ awareness of personal racial attitudes toward African Americans indicated an increase in bias in some students following the intervention and a decrease of bias in others.
Abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effect of a 9-week instructional intervention designed to increase 24 Caucasian American occupational therapy students' awareness of personal racial attitudes toward African Americans. The learning content focused on specific cognitive-perceptual biases thought to play a role in the formation of racial attitudes. A pre- to posttest implicit measure of racial bias indicated an increase in bias in some students following the intervention and a decrease of bias in others. Students' perception of the instruction and subsequent stereotype activation are discussed as possible moderators of the intervention's effectiveness. Several implications for future instruction and research are suggested to address factors that may limit antibias instruction.
TL;DR: The Korean mothers in the study framed the maternal body as an at-risk body, which meant that they struggled to fit into the local discursive landscape of maternity as empowering, resulting in them feeling silenced, unrecognized, and uncared for.
Abstract: Purpose: To critically analyze the power relations underpinning New Zealand maternity, through analysis of discourses used by Korean migrant mothers. Design: Data from a focus group with Korean new...
TL;DR: Cognitive behavioral group therapy is a promising intervention for civilian survivors of war trauma and challenges to conducting such interventions in a war-conflict area are discussed.
Abstract: Purpose: Cognitive behavioral (CB) group therapy is an effective therapeutic intervention to treat war-related trauma. The aim of this pilot study was to describe the effects of conducting CB group...
TL;DR: The unconscious bedrock of trusted ideas about “culture” and “disparities” can be enriched through a humanized view of the person in the health disparities story, which complements the biomedical gaze.
Abstract: If we limit our gaze to epidemiologic or medicalized discourse about health disparities, we risk losing sight of the person living in a health disparity context. We may erase or make invisible the person from a health disparity group; pathologize difference at the population level and, by extension, stigmatize the individual; eliminate the upstream context or causes of disparities; and obscure the human story. For the continued viability of our ideas about health disparities, it is crucial that we maintain cognitive flexibility. The unconscious bedrock of trusted ideas about "culture" and "disparities" can be enriched through a humanized view of the person in the health disparities story. Transcultural nursing research complements the biomedical gaze, placing the patient at the center of a cultural context where health problems are embodied, place based, and socially constituted. Humanizing our practice depends on dialogues with those who experience health disparity conditions.
TL;DR: The Turkish version of the BDCS-T was found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing the beliefs related to salt-restricted diet in patients on hemodialysis.
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale (BDCS-T). Methods: This methodological study enrolled a sample of 140 patients. Data were collected by using a questionnaire form, the BDCS-T, and the Dialysis Diet and Fluid Restrictions Nonadherence Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U test, correlation coefficients, and psychometric tests were used for the analysis of data. Results: The factor analysis confirmed that the BDCS-T had a two-factor structure (perceived benefits and perceived barriers) explaining 58.7% of the total variance. The BDCS-T had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients: perceived benefits = .91; perceived barriers = .66), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: perceived benefits = .93; perceived barriers = .79), concurrent validity with the Dialysis Diet and Fluid Restrictions Nonadheren...
TL;DR: The majority of participants held beliefs that diabetes was a serious and chronic condition and that the disease was amenable to personal control, and they reported greater comfort in adhering to prescribed medication regimens than making long-term lifestyle changes.
Abstract: This study assessed personal beliefs about the causes and meaning of having diabetes among the members of the Lumbee Indian tribe living in rural southeastern North Carolina. The sample included 20 males (50%) and 20 females (50%); the mean duration of having diabetes was 9.82 years. The average body mass index (BMI) for females was 34.76 (range, 24.21-55.44), whereas the average BMI for males was 35.10 (range, 22.71-59.71). Ninety percent reported a family history of diabetes. The majority of participants held beliefs that diabetes was a serious and chronic condition and that the disease was amenable to personal control. Participants perceived that diabetic medications were an essential and effective part of their treatment regimen, and they reported greater comfort in adhering to prescribed medication regimens than making long-term lifestyle changes. This study highlights the high prevalence of diabetes among Lumbee Indians and also the need for future studies in this area.
TL;DR: Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care and the Sunrise Enabler are discussed as useful tools to assist nurses in providing culture care within the confines of the prison, as a means of understanding these women as cultural beings apart from the prison setting.
Abstract: Incarcerated women are a highly vulnerable population, most of whom have had extremely adverse life experiences. Nurses who work in corrections have significant challenges as they attempt to care i...