Showing papers in "Neuropsychopharmacology in 1994"

TL;DR: Data indicate that aminoacridines, as a class of compounds, have a statistically significant effect to diminish, slightly, some of the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease, and encourage the use of drugs that will reverse multiple neurotransmitter deficits.

TL;DR: Both dopamine receptor subtypes, as well as dopamine, HVA and DOPAC, were primarily found in the basal ganglia, and the receptor distribution in the autoradiographic study was consistent with that demonstrated in the living human brain using [11C].

TL;DR: Differences in personality support the view that 5-HT systems are involved in modulating impulsive and aggressive personality traits and suggest that5-HT neurotoxicity may be a potential complication of MDMA use.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to illustrate the ways in which molecular neurobiological investigations will contribute to an improved understanding of drug addiction and, ultimately, to the development of more effective treatments.

TL;DR: Social isolation led to deficits in PPI of the acoustic startle response that were specific to isolation-reared animals, and the utility of social isolation model as a nonlesion, nonpharmacologic means of perturbing ventral striatal DA function.

TL;DR: This study used positron-emission tomography to examine cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRG) in 17 patients with DSM III-R diagnoses of personality disorder and found a significant inverse correlation between a life history of aggressive impulse difficulties and regional CMRG.

TL;DR: The results suggest that bupropion preferentially affects NE neurons in locus coeruleus at doses that are active in animal antidepressant tests, and require a reserpine-sensitive store of NE and occur at doses having activity in antidepressant screening tests.

TL;DR: DAT genotype was associated with cocaine-induced paranoia within the white sample, and certain DAT genotypes may therefore predispose to paranoia in the context of cocaine use in white populations.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a pill placebo run-in provides no advantage in acute phase efficacy trials.

TL;DR: MDMA (ecstasy) produced a preferential inhibition of MAO-A (IC50 = 44 µmol/L), which should increase extracellular 5-HT, which may contribute to its therapeutic potential, and FEN (Prozac), in contrast, appears to be a poor inhibitor of both MAO, A and B.

TL;DR: The results provide a description of the distribution of these receptor mRNAs in normal humans and suggest multiple levels of complexity as well as regulation of the medial temporal lobe dopamine projection.

TL;DR: Results suggest that antagonism of activated brain CRF systems attenuates the behavioral response to stress regardless of the type or intensity of the stressor as measured by ACTH secretion.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the two neuroleptics exerted differential behavioral effects in neurologically intact and hippocampally lesioned animals, and that these effects were also drug-specific.

TL;DR: The results indicate that acute blockade of nicotinic receptor function can produce measurable and significant cognitive impairment similar to some deficits seen in dementing illnesses, and that there is an age-related increase in sensitivity to Nicotinic blockade.

TL;DR: The results suggest that clozapine differs importantly from other neuroleptics in increasing plasma NE levels, with the peripheral noradrenergic stimulation related to its superior efficacy profile.

TL;DR: Different mechanisms of action may account for the motor stimulatory effects of PCP and dizocilpine, which may differ in the way they act on “regulatory” NMDA receptors controlling neuronal activity in midbrain neurons.

TL;DR: Although the two drugs reduced SWA and enhanced SFA, their time course across and within sleep cycles as well as their mutual relationship were little affected, providing further evidence that hypnotics acting as BDZ-receptor agonists do not substantially interfere with the homeostatic aspect of sleep regulation.

TL;DR: The results are discussed in terms of relevance to human disease states, such as atypical Norrie's disease, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, and should be used to caution against the use of MAO-Is in women of child-bearing age.

TL;DR: Nefazodone, an effective antidepressant, decreases arousals and wakefulness during sleep and reduces light non-REM sleep and it does not appear to suppress REM sleep or prolong REM latency in patients who respond to treatment.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the initial treatment for selected depressed patients should be four to six weeks of placebo, and patients so treated should be informed that the placebo pill contains no drug but that this treatment can be helpful.

TL;DR: Six patients with very severe forms of non-rapid cycling bipolar affective illness whose symptoms had previously been refractory to all current antidepressant and/or prophylactic medications were treated with supraphysiological doses of thyroxine as an adjuvant to their previous medications, and high-dose T4 administration proved to have excellent effects on the course of the illness.

TL;DR: In rats preheated with the NE neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, a long-term treatment with befloxatone failed to alter the reducing effect of the high dose of Clonidine but abolished the reducingeffect of the low dose ofClonidine, suggesting that antidepressant drugs that increase NE synaptic concentration induce a desensitization of α2-heteroreceptor on 5-HT terminals.

TL;DR: Yohimbine caused a significant but transient decrease in P50 auditory gating in normal human controls, suggesting that increasing CNS noradrenergic neuronal transmission in normal controls can cause a transient impairment in auditory sensory gating.

TL;DR: The significance of the cell-type-specific and temporal expression of the 5-HT2 receptor in the context of current hypotheses of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia is discussed.

TL;DR: The results indicate that psychotic symptoms and their activation by methylphenidate, and the presence of tardive dyskinesia are associated with each other and with a higher risk of relapse.

TL;DR: The results of an uncontrolled, multicenter safety and efficacy study of patients with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia treated with BMY 14802 report no significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms, as measured by the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores or Clinical Global Improvement.

TL;DR: It is concluded that GR occupation negatively regulates 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression within the hippocampus and that 5- HT1A receptors sites are most sensitive to modulation in those hippocampal subfields expressing higher levels of GR receptors.

TL;DR: The cumulative dosage and the AUC were better predictors of the changes in awake and movement time in the PSG than single-sample concentrations of FLU and NFLU taken at the time of PSG assessment.

TL;DR: Caine-induced increases in EEG beta power had a cortical distribution similar to those produced by barbiturates and benzodiazepines, as all of these drugs reduce cortical glucose metabolism, and the increases in beta power may reflect a reduction in cortical neural activity.

TL;DR: The cerebrospinal fluid levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in a group of drug-free non-depressed women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).