Showing papers in "Neuroscience Letters in 2017"

TL;DR: The alterations in mitochondrial parameters in ALS are reviewed and the common pathways to dysfunction are examined to examine the common routes to dysfunction.

TL;DR: It is proposed that hierarchical changes in circuitry may underlie the gradual changes in emotion reactivity and regulation throughout adolescence into young adulthood, with changes at each level being necessary for the instantiation of changes at the next level.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview on how inflammatory mediators impair mitochondrial metabolism is provided and how defective mitochondria can elicit and potentiate an inflammatory response is discussed.

TL;DR: The scientific literature involving the high-fat ketogenic diet strongly supports the notion that epilepsy may indeed in part represent a "metabolic disease", and that this concept could serve as a novel framework for the development of more effective anti-seizure drugs.

TL;DR: It was found that CD163 expression was significantly and inversely correlated with mean survival times, with average survival times ranging from 448days in patients having low expression, to 319 in mid, and 353 in patients with high CD163 expressing tumors.

TL;DR: Analysis of the expression levels of miR-19b, mi-24, and mi-195 in serum may be useful for the diagnosis of PD, and it is validated that the downregulation ofmiR- 19b and the upregulation ofMiR-195 and mi R-24 in patients with PD are validated.

TL;DR: This work opens the door to discovering the mechanisms underlying neuroimaging measures linked to pathological fear and anxiety, to understanding how the Ce and BST interact with one another and with distal brain regions to govern defensive responses to threat, and to developing improved intervention strategies.

TL;DR: The Episodes-to-Concepts (EpCon) theoretical model of hippocampal function in concept learning is proposed and evidence for the hippocampal computations that support concept formation including memory integration, attentional biasing, and memory-based prediction error is reviewed.

TL;DR: This mini-review provides a concise discussion of evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in PTSD, with emphasis on human subjects data; glutamate-modulating agents as potential alternative pharmacologic treatments for PTSD; and selected gaps in the literature and related future directions.

TL;DR: The neural representations underlying affect sharing, its relation to mentalizing, the importance of self-other distinction, the distinction between empathy, sympathy and compassion, and how these phenomena are linked to prosocial behavior are discussed.

TL;DR: ‘Precision medicine’ focuses on the identification of an underlying genetic aetiology allowing personalised therapeutic choices, and certain human leukocyte antigen, HLA, alleles are associated with an increased risk of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions.

TL;DR: This review has readdressed the issue of variability in human NIBS studies, and briefly discussed the physiological mechanisms responsible for TBS, PAS and tDCS-induced cortical plasticity.

TL;DR: A brief history summarizing the last century of neuroscientific study of emotion is offered, highlighting dominant themes that run through various schools of thought and six key points for scientific progress that are inspired by a multi-level constructivist theory of emotion.

TL;DR: Overexpression of NCLX in PINK-1 deficient neurons not only protects against mitochondrial calcium overload and calcium induced cell death but also restores mitochondrial bioenergetics in these neurons.

TL;DR: This review attempts to reconcile the present dual view of the mechanisms operating in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by suggesting that there may be more than one point of intersection in this disease.

TL;DR: It was suggested that NMN substantially decreases multiple AD-associated pathological characteristically at least partially by the inhibition of JNK activation.

TL;DR: Findings reveal a link between shedding of TREM2 and its regulation during inflammatory conditions or chronic neurodegenerative disease like AD in which activity or expression of sheddases might be altered.

TL;DR: A next-generation sequencing-based genome-wide survey of small RNAs in the exosomal and non-exosomal fractions of healthy human CSF as well as serum in each donor suggests that the brain is a major source of CSFExosomal miRNAs, which may reflect brain pathophysiology.

TL;DR: The purpose of this work is to provide a general overview of neuronal excitotoxicity and the inevitable downstream consequences of Ca2+ overload.

TL;DR: The proposed hybrid GA-SVM technique, by selecting optimal feature combinations for an fNIRS-based BCI, shows positive classification-performance-enhancing results.

TL;DR: Recent phase one neurophysiological studies and phase two clinical studies are showing promise as a potential new approach to managing treatment-resistant PTSD.

TL;DR: The results suggest that AS-IV might possess neuroprotective effects against transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion partly through its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation.

TL;DR: Experimental findings suggested that progressive mental fatigue adversely influences the cognitive function in the PFC and the cooperative mechanism between the P FC and MC and the strength and synchronization of cerebral connectivity, respectively.

TL;DR: It was found that miR-125b was up-regulated in patients with AD and may be a novel regulator of AD progress and could be as a therapeutic target for AD therapy.

TL;DR: New approaches that explore cell assemblies as the units of information processing and how these approaches are revealing the structure and organization of neural representations in perception and cognition are considered.

TL;DR: High levels of lactate used to preserve memory consolidation and induce gene expression are sufficient to shut down neuronal firing via the HCAR1 receptor, and low lactate levels activate a receptor in locus coeruleus that stimulates noradrenaline release that may activate astrocytes throughout brain.

TL;DR: This is the first study demonstrating the effectiveness of the CSP method for fNIRS-based motor imagery BCIs, and it outperformed two representative channel-wise methods for classifying the two imagery statuses.

TL;DR: The modern genomic technologies are overviewed and the diagnostic pathways in patients with genetic epilepsies are illustrated and the potential implications for a personalized treatment (precision medicine) are discussed.

TL;DR: Curcumin demonstrated as a prominent suppressor of ROS, and could reverse autophagy induction in SH-SY5Y cells, which potentially serves as a therapeutic agent of neurodegenerative diseases, associated with ROS overproduction and autophagic dysfunction.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of DXM via inactivation of the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway, in part, may explain DXM-induced neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia.