Showing papers in "new microbes and new infections in 2017"
TL;DR: Despite the difficulties in assigning to human Paenibacillus isolates a role as a pathogen or contaminant, here 25% of the isolates were involved in true infections, especially in those cases that affected abscesses, wound exudates, ocular infections and diverse fluids.
Abstract: One hundred thirty-six isolates, 88 human and 48 environmental, that met the requirements to belong to the genus Paenibacillus were identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach known as 16S rRNA plus phenotypic traits. Thirty-seven Paenibacillus species were identified; some had not been previously reported from clinical samples. The main species were P. pabuli (13 isolates), P. provencensis (11), P. phoenicis (9) and P. lautus (8). P. pabuli (11/13) and P. provencensis (8/11) were mainly environmental isolates, while P. phoenicis (9/9) and P. lautus (6/8) were mainly human isolates. Despite the difficulties in assigning to human Paenibacillus isolates a role as a pathogen or contaminant, here 25% of the isolates were involved in true infections, especially in those cases that affected abscesses, wound exudates, ocular infections and diverse fluids. In addition, 15 isolates were identified as 11 ‘Candidatus’ to a new species, all of them from human specimens except one that was obtained from laboratory air. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed 95.6% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 44% were resistant to cotrimoxazole, 20 to 30% were resistant to cefotaxime and vancomycin and 13% were resistant to rifampicin and erythromycin.
79 citations
TL;DR: Serologic and molecular investigations of 600 patient samples for chikungunya and dengue viruses along with clinical and comorbidity features are presented, finding that 97% of patients had restricted movements of the joints with other features like swelling, itching and rashes of varying severity observed.
Abstract: Chikungunya fever is a major public health issue in India affecting billions. After 2010, the infection was in a decline until in 2016, when a massive outbreak affected the country. In this report, we present serologic and molecular investigations of 600 patient samples for chikungunya and dengue viruses along with clinical and comorbidity features. We recruited 600 patients during this outbreak and evaluated them for chikungunya and dengue virus antibodies and virus RNA through IgM, NS1 antigen and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We further evaluated Zika virus RNA by qPCR. Additionally, we documented all clinical and comorbid features that were observed during the outbreak in the hospital. We report a total incidence rate of 58% of chikungunya during the outbreak in our hospital. Within the recruited patients, 70% of the patients were positive for chikungunya virus IgM whereas 24.17% were positive by qPCR. None of the samples was positive for Zika virus RNA. Additionally, coinfection of dengue and chikungunya was seen in 25.33% of patients. Analysis of clinical features revealed that 97% of patients had restricted movements of the joints with other features like swelling, itching and rashes of varying severity observed. Twelve patients presented with comorbid conditions, and two fatalities occurred among these comorbid patients. The high incidence of coinfection in the current outbreak warrants implementation of routine testing of both chikungunya and dengue virus in suspected patients for better patient management. The post-acute phase complications reported in the hospitals require in-depth studies to understand the actual impact of the current outbreak.
41 citations
TL;DR: The high proportion of A−B+, RT 017 strains emphasises the need for diagnostic tests that detect either both toxins or just tcdB, and continued surveillance that involves stool culturing will allow molecular tracking and assist in elucidating the epidemiology of CDI in Thailand.
Abstract: Little is known about Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Asia generally, and specifically in Thailand. Given the high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic usage in this region, CDI is likely to be common. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of CDI in Thailand. Stool specimens collected from inpatients with diarrhoea at Siriraj hospital in Bangkok ( n = 422) were cultured on ChromID Cdiff agar and any presumptive C. difficile colonies were identified, PCR ribotyped and toxin profiled. As part of the routine C. difficile testing at Siriraj Hospital, 370 specimens also underwent testing with the BD MAX Cdiff assay to detect the presence of tcdB. With direct culture, 105 different isolates of C. difficile were recovered from 23.7% (100/422) of the stool specimens. The prevalence of toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates was 9.2% (39/422) and 15.6% (66/422), respectively. Of the toxigenic isolates, 69.2% (27/39) and 30.8% (12/39) were tcdA and tcdB positive (A + B + ), and A − B + , respectively; none contained binary toxin genes. The five most prevalent ribotypes (RTs) were 014/020 group (17/105), 010 (12/105), 017 (12/105), 039 (9/105) and 009 (6/105). Using toxigenic culture as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the BD MAX Cdiff assay were 68.6, 95.1, 63.2 and 96.1%, respectively. The high proportion of A − B + , RT 017 strains emphasises the need for diagnostic tests that detect either both toxins or just tcdB. Continued surveillance that involves stool culturing will allow molecular tracking and assist in elucidating the epidemiology of CDI in Thailand.
41 citations
TL;DR: The study of pairwise identity values of this gene for 131 Mycobacterium species with standing in nomenclature suggests that interpretation of interspecies 16S rRNA identity values should be made cautiously when classifying a new mycobacterial isolate at the species level.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the suitability of 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence similarity for the classification of new Mycobacterium isolates at the species level, we systematically studied the pairwise identity values of this gene for 131 Mycobacterium species with standing in nomenclature. Only one of the studied species, M. poriferae (0.76%), strictly respected the 95% and 98.65% threshold values currently recommended to determine the affiliation of bacterial isolates to an existing or new genus or species, respectively. All other species exhibited at least an identity value >98.65% and/or <95% with another Mycobacterium species. Therefore, we suggest that interpretation of interspecies 16S rRNA identity values should be made cautiously when classifying a new mycobacterial isolate at the species level.
40 citations
TL;DR: Human infections with Tsukamurella species are rare because the species is a kind of saprophyte bacterium; however, most information regarding this species comes from case reports.
Abstract: Tsukamurella is an aerobic, Gram-positive and nonmotile bacterium. It was first isolated in 1941 from the mycetoma and ovaries of the bedbug. The primary strains were named Corynebacterium paurometabolum and Gordona aurantiaca and are different from the Collins et al. , 1988 classification of the new Tsukamurella genus. Human infections with Tsukamurella species are rare because the species is a kind of saprophyte bacterium; however, most information regarding this species comes from case reports. Molecular markers for the identification Tsukamurella include sequencing of 16S rRNA, groEL, rpoB, secA1 and ssrA genes. Given the lack of information on the treatment of Tsukamurella infections, a combination of various antibiotic agents is recommended.
35 citations
TL;DR: Reports emerging about these relatives of the traditional chlamydial pathogens are matched by the continued identification of novel Chlam Lydia-related bacteria in the phylum Chlamydiae, providing evidence that many may be pathogenic to humans or animals and pose a zoonotic or vector-borne risk.
Abstract: Until recently, our knowledge of the host range and diversity of members of the Chlamydiaceae, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of humans and animals, was thought to be nearly complete. Aided by advances in molecular diagnostics, a new picture is emerging, however, that the host barriers may be looser than previously thought for many chlamydial species. While cross-host transmission of chlamydial species is a concern for animal health, new reports highlight an emerging zoonotic risk for several species associated with intensification of farming and the widespread popularity of companion animals. The description of an expanded cohort of new species within this family from avian and reptilian hosts has also highlighted how much we still have to learn about the biology and pathogenicity of the Chlamydiaceae as a whole. Reports emerging about these relatives of the traditional chlamydial pathogens are matched by the continued identification of novel Chlamydia-related bacteria in the phylum Chlamydiae, providing evidence that many may be pathogenic to humans or animals and pose a zoonotic or vector-borne risk. The review examines the new hosts described for well-characterized chlamydial veterinary pathogens, emerging novel chlamydial species and the potential for these to cause disease in their respective hosts.
35 citations
TL;DR: Multilocus phylogenetic analysis and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization confirmed them as four new species even though their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with their closest relatives was >98.7%, as occurred for other Aeromonas spp.
Abstract: Four Aeromonas strains from clinical and environmental samples differed from known species on the basis of rpoD gene sequence. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization confirmed them as four new species even though their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with their closest relatives was >98.7%, as occurred for other Aeromonas spp.
29 citations
TL;DR: A prevalence study across four hospitals in Central Java province, Indonesia found that C. difficile infection in Indonesia is high, highlighting a need for ongoing surveillance of the strain.
Abstract: Clostridium difficile has not been studied in detail in Asia, particularly Southeast Asia. We thus performed a prevalence study across four hospitals in Central Java province, Indonesia. Stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhoea and tested by enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B (C DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE, TechLab). Specimens were cultured and molecular typing was performed. In total, 340 samples were tested, of which 70 (20.6%) were GDH positive, with toxin detected in 19 (5.6%). Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from 37 specimens (10.9%), while a further 36 (10.6%) nontoxigenic isolates were identified. The most common strain was ribotype 017 (24.3% of 74 isolates), followed by nontoxigenic types QX 224 (9.5%), and QX 238 and QX 108 (both 8.1%). The high prevalence of C. difficile highlights a need for ongoing surveillance of C. difficile infection in Indonesia.
29 citations
TL;DR: GeneXpert can be a quick and helpful method for the diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant TB in regions with high rates of DR-TB or MDR-TB and must be used as an early diagnostic method whose results must be confirmed by the standard proportional method.
Abstract: Despite a Mycobacterium tuberculosis control programme and anti-tuberculosis drugs, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of M. tuberculosis is needed for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and to find the optimal treatment protocol. The purpose of this study was to detect resistance to rifampicin in new cases of TB using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF ( M. tuberculosis /rifampicin) assay and the standard proportional method in west and northwest Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, sputum samples were enrolled and screened for M. tuberculosis using Ziehl–Neelsen stain and mycobacterial culture. Samples from individuals with smear-positive TB were cultured on Lowenstein–Jensen medium; afterwards, the presence of resistance to rifampicin was examined by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and standard proportional methods. A total of 400 new cases of suspected TB were collected, 162 (40.5%) of which were smear- and culture-positive for M. tuberculosis . The frequencies of rifampicin resistance in new smear-positive TB cases were 3.1% and 4.3% for GeneXpert and standard proportional method, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 71% and 100%, respectively, compared with the proportional method. GeneXpert can be a quick and helpful method for the diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant TB in regions with high rates of DR-TB or MDR-TB. GeneXpert MTB-RIF assay must be used as an early diagnostic method whose results must be confirmed by the standard proportional method. The GeneXpert and proportional methods complement but do not replace each other.
27 citations
TL;DR: A case of dermohypodermitis and bactaeremia caused by Erwinia billingiae, a Gram-negative bacteria usually pathogenic and epiphytic to pome fruit tree is reported.
Abstract: Cellulitis and erysipelas are common skin infections usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. Gram-negative rods are rarely implicated. We report here a case of dermohypodermitis and bactaeremia caused by Erwinia billingiae, a Gram-negative bacteria usually pathogenic and epiphytic to pome fruit tree.
25 citations
TL;DR: The attention of health authorities and healthcare professionals towards contributing factors associated with this outbreak and the measures required to combat this viral disease are underscored.
Abstract: Despite explicit warning from the National Institute of Health, Pakistan experienced its first chikungunya outbreak in the metropolis of Karachi We underscore the attention of health authorities and healthcare professionals towards contributing factors associated with this outbreak and the measures required to combat this viral disease
TL;DR: This work reports for the first time a very high prevalence and diversity of Chlamydiales in drinking water, being detected in 35 (72.9%) of 48 investigated domestic water systems, with members of the Parachlamydiaceae family being dominantly detected.
Abstract: A growing number of human infections incriminate environmental bacteria that have evolved virulent mechanisms to resist amoebae and use them as a replicative niche. These bacteria are designated amoeba-resisting bacteria (ARB). Despite the isolation of these ARB in various human clinical samples, the possible source of infection remains undetermined in most cases. However, it is known that the ARB Legionella pneumophila, for instance, causes a respiratory infection in susceptible hosts after inhalation of contaminated water aerosols from various sources. The Chlamydiales order contains many ARB, such as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae or Simkania negevensis, previously implicated in human respiratory infections with no identified contamination sources. We thus investigated whether domestic water systems are a potential source of transmission of these Chlamydiales to humans by using amoebal culture and molecular methods. Other important ARB such as mycobacteria and Legionella were also investigated, as were their possible amoebal hosts. This work reports for the first time a very high prevalence and diversity of Chlamydiales in drinking water, being detected in 35 (72.9%) of 48 investigated domestic water systems, with members of the Parachlamydiaceae family being dominantly detected. Furthermore, various Legionella and mycobacteria species were also recovered, some species of which are known to be causal agents of human infections.
TL;DR: Results indicate that CoNS may play an important role in spreading of drug resistance genes and more attention to these organisms in surveillance and monitoring programs is needed.
Abstract: Staphylococcus spp. is a major cause of nosocomial infection and sepsis. However, increasing drug resistance is becoming a challenge to microbiologists. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and drug resistance genes of clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates at Mae Sot Hospital in Tak province, Thailand. A total of 229 CoNS isolates were collected from clinical specimens during two periods in 2014 and in 2015. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the most prevalent species (37.55%), followed by S. epidermidis (21.83%), S. saprophyticus (11.79%) and S. hominis (11.35%) respectively. The remaining 17.48% of the organisms comprised S. capitis, S. arlettae, S. cohnii, S. equorum, S. xylosus, S. warneri, S. sciuri, S. pettenkoferi, S. kloosii and S. lugdunensis. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS), containing the mec A gene, were detected in 145 of 229 isolates, mostly found in S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis. In addition, the differentiation of their macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLS B ) resistance phenotypes was determined by the D-test and corresponding resistance genes. Among 125 erythromycin-resistant CoNS, the prevalence of constitutive type of MLS B , inducible clindamycin resistance and macrolide–streptogramin B resistance phenotypes were 72, 13.60 and 14.40% respectively. These phenotypes were expressed in 80% of MRCoNS strains. In addition, the erm C gene (79.20%) was found to be more prevalent than the erm A gene (22.40%), especially among MRCoNS. These results indicate that CoNS may play an important role in spreading of drug resistance genes. More attention to these organisms in surveillance and monitoring programs is needed.
TL;DR: In conclusion, B. cereus bacteraemia can have a complicated course in a subset of patients, mainly those with haematologic malignancy, and catheter infection may be associated with a worse outcome with frequent neurologic complications.
Abstract: Bacillus cereus bacteraemia can be severe, especially among patients with haematologic malignancy. We retrospectively reviewed first episodes of true B. cereus bacteraemia (more than one positive bottle plus signs of infection) at our institution between 1997 and 2013 with the aim to compare haematologic versus nonhaematologic patients and analyse episodes with complicated outcome. Among 56 episodes of positive-blood cultures for B. cereus, 21 were considered significant. Median age was 54 years (range 23–82 years). Ten patients (48%) had a haematologic malignancy; all were neutropenic at the time of B. cereus bacteraemia. Nonhaematologic patients were either intravenous drug users (n = 3, 14%), polytraumatized (n = 3, 14%) or had multiple chronic comorbidities (n = 5, 24%). Most episodes were hospital acquired (15, 71%). Sources of bacteraemia were intravascular catheter (n = 11, 52%), digestive tract (n = 6, 29%), drug injection (n = 3, 14%) and wound (n = 1, 5%). Adequate antibiotic therapy was provided to 18 patients (86%) during a median of 17 days (range 2–253 days). The intravascular catheter was removed in eight cases (42%). Three haematologic patients had a complicated course with neurologic complications (meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscesses). Complications appeared to be associated with catheter infection (100% of complicated cases vs. 29% of noncomplicated cases). In conclusion, B. cereus bacteraemia can have a complicated course in a subset of patients, mainly those with haematologic malignancy. Catheter infection may be associated with a worse outcome with frequent neurologic complications.
TL;DR: The study identified vancomycin resistance among the MRSA isolates from UTI patients and highlights the need to correctly identify patients in whom last-resort therapy such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin should be administered.
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide Although S aureus rarely accounts for urinary tract infections (UTI), untreated UTI can lead to several complications For decades vancomycin has been used for the treatment of MRSA infections This study was performed to assess the in vitro activity of vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin against MRSA isolates from UTI patients Thirty MRSA strains from 54 S aureus isolates were isolated from patients with UTI The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the strains were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods PCR assays were used to detect the vanA gene The MRSA isolates resistant to vancomycin were confirmed using the broth microdilution method The results revealed that the MRSA isolates were 100% susceptible to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin but 933% susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline respectively The broth microdilution method confirmed two MRSA strains (66%) to be resistant to vancomycin and tigecycline The study identified vancomycin resistance among the MRSA isolates from UTI patients This vancomycin resistance in MRSA isolates poses a challenge in managing S aureus infections Our study's results highlight the need to correctly identify patients in whom last-resort therapy such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin should be administered
TL;DR: This research highlights the need to understand more fully the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of fungal infections and its role in the immune response to infection.
Abstract: D. Yamamoto, A. Tandoc, III, E. Mercado, F. Quicho, S. Lupisan, M. Obata-Saito, M. Okamoto, A. Suzuki, R. Tamaki, L. Sombrero, R. Olveda and H. Oshitani 1) Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Metro Manila, Philippines, 2) Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan, 3) Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines and 4) Ospital ng Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Philippines
TL;DR: PCR-based screening during vanA-positive Enterococcus faecium outbreaks in four university hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark had high diagnostic accuracy and the prompt availability of results gave a considerable benefit for infection control decision making.
Abstract: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens and screening for colonization status is a mainstay in infection control. We implemented PCR-based screening during vanA-positive Enterococcus faecium outbreaks in four university hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark. Xpert®vanA/vanB was performed directly on rectal swabs and the vanA PCR result was used to guide infection control measures. Concurrently, all samples were selectively cultured including an overnight enrichment step. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated as well as turnaround time and the impact of the earlier available PCR results on infection control decision making. In all, 1110 samples were analysed. The vanA PCR positivity rate was 13.8% and culture positivity rate was 15.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of the vanA part of the assay was high with a sensitivity of 87.1%, a specificity of 99.7%, and positive and negative predictive values of 98.0% and 97.7%, respectively. The vanB PCR had a considerably lower specificity of 77.6% and a positive predictive value of 0.4%. In 1067 (96.1%) samples, PCR results were reported within 1 day, whereas median culture turnaround time was 3 days. The saving of time to available results corresponded to 141 saved isolation days and 292 saved transmission risk days. False-negative or false-positive PCR results led to six additional transmission risk days and 13 additional isolation days, respectively. The vanA PCR had high diagnostic accuracy and the prompt availability of results gave a considerable benefit for infection control decision making.
TL;DR: The first clinical case report of infective endocarditis related to Ochrobactrum intermedium infection is described and a 23-year-old man receiving dialysis via an internal jugular long-term haemodialysis catheter improved with a prolonged course of meropenem and minocycline.
Abstract: We describe the first clinical case report of infective endocarditis related to Ochrobactrum intermedium infection. The case involved a 23-year-old man receiving dialysis via an internal jugular long-term haemodialysis catheter. He improved with a prolonged course of meropenem and minocycline. Ochrobactrum spp. are recognized as rare emerging opportunistic pathogens.
TL;DR: This case occurred in a 49-year-old man referred from the emergency room for cleaning and debridement of an infected wound in the right pretibial region, which consisted of a wound mixed infection of Photobacterium damselae and Vibrio harveyi.
Abstract: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. Vibrio harveyi (synonym V. carchariae), is a motile Gram-negative rod which is facultatively anaerobic, halophilic and bioluminescent [1]. It is found free-swimming in tropical marine waters and commensally in the gut microflora of marine animals. It is a pathogen of marine animals [2,3], although it has been considered nonpathogenic to humans [4]. To our knowledge, only three previous cases of human infection caused by this bacterium have been reported. The first occurred after a shark bite [5], the second was an episode of catheter-related bacteraemia in a British oncologic paediatric patient with a central line after his return from holiday in Perpignan, France, where he had swum in the sea [6], and the third was a wound mixed infection of Photobacterium damselae and Vibrio harveyi in a German man who, on a trip to west Australia, had experienced a laceration injury to the right tibia after falling from a catamaran [7]. Our case occurred in a 49-year-old man referred from the emergency room for cleaning and debridement of an infected wound in the right pretibial region. One week ago, during a trip to the Dominican Republic, he had experienced trauma from striking a bus step. The wound was sutured, and he was given antibiotic treatment with cefadroxil. He subsequently swam in the sea without protecting the bandage from the seawater. At admission, the patient was afebrile and presented a wound on the front and another on the inside of the distal third of the right leg. He was receiving treatment for ankylosing spondylitis with steroids, infliximab and methotrexate. A wound swab was submitted for microbiologic examination. After overnight incubation, a Gram-negative rod, oxidase positive, was isolated and sent for routine identification and susceptibility testing (MicroScan; Beckman Coulter). The next day, no growth was observed, and tests were repeated, adding NaCl up to a 1% final concentration. MicroScan identified the isolate as Vibrio
TL;DR: W Whole genome sequencing of the Aeromonas salmonicida strain revealed 13 antibiotic resistance genes, including the ESBL CTX-M-3 and the unusual β-lactamase SCO-1.
Abstract: We report the selection in a 15-year-old boy of a multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Aeromonas salmonicida after medicinal leech therapy that required an antibiotic prophylaxis based on piperacillin/tazobactam and cotrimoxazole. Whole genome sequencing of the strain indeed revealed 13 antibiotic resistance genes, including the ESBL CTX-M-3 and the unusual β-lactamase SCO-1.
TL;DR: A case of severe infection with liver abscess and endophthalmitis caused by a hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in an immunocompetent German male patient without travel history to Asia is reported, underline global spread of hypervirulence Klebsia pneumoniae strains to Europe.
Abstract: We report a case of severe infection with liver abscess and endophthalmitis caused by a hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in an immunocompetent German male patient without travel history to Asia. Phenotypic and molecular characterization showed high similarity to the reference genome NTUH-K2044 isolated in Asia. The isolate was assigned as ST2398 (clonal complex 66). The findings underline global spread of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to Europe.
TL;DR: A significant proportion of M. tuberculosis was resistant to at least one first line anti-TB drug, and the frequencies of resistance to either isoniazid or rifampicin were high compared to data that were previously reported in some part of the country.
Abstract: Drug resistance tuberculosis (TB) and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates are significant concerns regarding TB control programs in several countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to assess its association with strains and lineages of M. tuberculosis. A total of 279 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Central Ethiopia were tested for their drug sensitivity patterns to first line TB drugs using the conventional proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen media. The association between drug sensitivity and strain type was assessed on 263 isolates of the 279 isolates. Of the 268 M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from new cases, 209 (78%) were susceptible to first line TB drugs, and 59 (22.2%) bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one of the first line drugs. The highest mono-resistance (7.5%) pertained to streptomycin (STM). Remarkably, seven of eleven isolates (63.6%) previous treatment for TB were resistant to at least one of the first line drugs. The prevalence of MDR-TB was 1.5% (4/268) for newly identified TB cases, all of which were members of the Euro-American Lineage. There was no statistically significant association (P > 0.05) between drug sensitivity, and either strains, sub-lineages or main lineages of M. tuberculosis . A significant proportion of M. tuberculosis was resistant to at least one first line anti-TB drug. Moreover, the frequencies of resistance to either isoniazid or rifampicin were high compared to data that were previously reported in some part of the country.
TL;DR: In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity results between their genomes confirmed ‘Arcobacter porcinus’ (LMG 24487T) as a new species.
Abstract: Arcobacter thereius is a species associated with human disease. A group of A. thereius pork strains (represented by strain LMG 24487) clustered separately from the type strain (LMG 24486 T ) in the 16S rRNA and multilocus phylogenetic trees. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity results between their genomes (93.3 and 51.1%) confirmed ‘ Arcobacter porcinus ' (LMG 24487 T ) as a new species.
TL;DR: The isolation of this microorganism from two forms of unusual presentations of C. kerstersii infection not previously described in the literature: localized intra-abdominal infection (psoas abscess) and pelvic peritonitis.
Abstract: The association of Comamonas kerstersii with peritonitis resulting from the presence of perforated appendix has previously been described by our research team. In the present study, we describe the isolation of this microorganism from two forms of unusual presentations of C. kerstersii infection not previously described in the literature: localized intra-abdominal infection (psoas abscess) and pelvic peritonitis.
TL;DR: Lb.
Abstract: Nosocomial infection constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. Increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens associated with nosocomial infections has also become a major therapeutic challenge for physicians. Thus, development of alternative treatment protocols, such as the use of probiotics, matters. The aim of this research was to determine the antagonistic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lb. fermentum isolated from the faeces of healthy infants against nonfermentative bacteria causing nosocomial infections. One hundred five samples of nosocomial infections were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing following standard bacteriologic techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method, and antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus strains was investigated by well diffusion method. Of 105 samples, a total of 29 bacterial strains were identified as nonfermentative bacteria, including 17 Acinetobacter baumannii and 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A. baumannii showed high resistance to tested antibiotics except ampicillin/sulbactam, and P. aeruginosa showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and gentamicin and sensitive to amikacin and meropenem. Lb. plantarum had antagonistic properties against both A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains. Lb. plantarum had considerable effects on preventing the growth of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains. However, further research is needed to better understanding of these effects on P. aeruginosa.
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the immune defences of the central nervous system in response to the presence of E.coli in patients infected with EMTs.
Abstract: Ne © Th htt Corresponding author: Prof. Didier Raoult, URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, L’Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement 198, INSERM U1095, Faculte de Medecine, Aix-Marseille Universite, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France. Tel.: +33 4 91 32 49 50; fax: +33 4 91 38 77 72 Corresponding author: Prof. Michel Drancourt, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes, Aix Marseille Universite, Institut Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France E-mails: didier.raoult@gmail.com (D. Raoult), michel.drancourt@univ-amu.fr (M. Drancourt)
TL;DR: The case of a 66-year-old man who developed several skull base and intracerebral abscesses after dental intervention and campylobacter rectus was isolated from the brain biopsy and within 45 minutes of reading the bacterial plate, the strain was accurately identified by MALDI-TOF MS.
Abstract: Campylobacter rectus is rarely associated with invasive infection. Both the isolation and the identification requirements of C. rectus are fastidious, probably contributing to an underestimation of its burden. We report the case of a 66-year-old man who developed several skull base and intracerebral abscesses after dental intervention. Campylobacter rectus was isolated from the brain biopsy. Within 45 minutes of reading the bacterial plate, the strain was accurately identified by MALDI-TOF MS. This rapid identification avoided the extra costs and delays present with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and allowed for a rapid confirmation of the adequacy of the empirical antibiotic treatment.
TL;DR: The main characteristics of five new species isolated from the gut of healthy African infants and their main characteristics are presented.
Abstract: The main characteristics of ‘ Khelaifiella massiliensis ' strain Mt13 T (= CSUR P1935, = DSM100591), ‘ Niameybacter massiliensis ' strain Mt14 T (= CSUR P1909, = DSM100592), ‘ Brachybacterium massiliense ' strain MT5 T (= CSUR P2240, = DSM101766), ‘ Enterobacter timonensis ' strain mt20 T (= CSUR P2201, = DSM 101775) and ‘ Massilibacillus massiliensis ' strain Marseille-P2411 T (= CSUR P2411, = DSM102838), new species isolated from the gut of healthy African infants, are presented.
TL;DR: The main characteristics of five new species isolated recently from stool samples taken from undernourished children in Niger and Senegal using microbial culturomics are reported.
Abstract: We report here the main characteristics of five new species 'Urmitella timonensis' strain Marseille-P2918T (CSUR P2918), 'Blautia marasmi' strain Marseille-P2377T (CSUR P2377), 'Lachnoclostridium pacaense' strain Marseille-P3100T (CSUR P3100), 'Bacillus marasmi' strain Marseille-P3556T (CSUR P3556) and 'Anaerotruncus rubiinfantis' strain MT15T (CSUR P2276), which were isolated recently from stool samples taken from undernourished children in Niger and Senegal using microbial culturomics.
TL;DR: The main characteristics of ‘Intestinibacillus massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P3216T that was isolated from a human left colon wash sample are reported.
Abstract: We report here the main characteristics of "Negativibacillus massiliensis" strain Marseille-P3213T, isolated from a human left-colon wash sample.