Showing papers in "Optical and Quantum Electronics in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution of BPB-doped nano-droplets with heptane oil and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant has been prepared and therefore investigated with Z-scan technique.
Abstract: Bromophenol blue (BPB)-doped nano-droplets are recognized as a synthesis of BPB dye and transparent dispersion of nano-droplets (ND), in a continuous phase of oils. In this regard, to discover the effect of ND size on nonlinear optical properties of BPB, a solution of BPB-doped ND with heptane oil and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant has been prepared and therefore investigated with Z-scan technique. The consequences have revealed that the nonlinear refractive (NLR) index, of the BPB-doped ND has been improved by comparison with BPB aqueous solution. The second-order hyperpolarizability of the BPB-doped ND has been also reduced subsequent a reduction in ND size owing to reducing dye aggregation. Moreover, the BPB-doped ND in the company of laser radiation has been utilized in order to study of antibacterial photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by nonlinear absorption. As a consequence, the bacteria colonies have been also exceedingly declined in the group treated with the BPB-doped ND.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear model with the beta time derivative describing the wave propagation in the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain was analyzed.
Abstract: This paper analytically explores a (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear model with the beta time derivative describing the wave propagation in the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain. Particularly, after allocating the beta time derivative to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain (2D-HFSC) model, its 1-soliton solutions are formally derived through utilizing a group of systematic techniques such as the new Kudryashov and exponential methods. Some graphical representations in three-dimensional postures are considered to analyze the impact of the beta parameter on the dynamical behavior of the bright and dark solitons.
55 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that the MC-CSK coding focus on DP-MPCS outperforms the system BER performance, mitigate the interference, and, improve the system throughput over the conventional modulation techniques.
Abstract: A novel multi-user modulation technique is proposed by using Manchester Coded Code Shift Keying (MC-CSK) system along with Double Padded-Modified Prime Code Sequence (DP-MPCS) in the visible light communication (VLC) In the VLC link, MC-CSK employed to enhance the bit rates and reduce BER includes effective fluctuation In this work, the direct current in modulated signal, which includes a series of 0’s or 1’s are decreased by using Manchester coding The proposed MC-CSK technique, however, uses M signaling waveforms which are mostly derived from a single pseudo random noise circular shift code The proposed MC-CSK, system performance is compared with conventional modulation technique Eventually, the results indicate that the MC-CSK coding focus on DP-MPCS outperforms the system BER performance, mitigate the interference, and, improve the system throughput over the conventional modulation techniques
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an all-optical half-subtractor is designed and simulated using two-dimensional photonic crystals and the FDTD method is used in the simulation of light propagation in the structure.
Abstract: In this research, an all-optical half-subtractor is designed and simulated using two-dimensional photonic crystals. First, a photonic crystal structure is created using Si rods in the air context to obtain the optical half-subtractor. Afterward, using point and line defects, two waveguides are created for the input and two waveguides are created for the outputs. A high logical value and a low logical value are defined based on the optical power in each port. The FDTD method is used in the simulation of light propagation in the structure. The simulation results show that the designed half-subtractor has high optical power values for logic “1” and low values for logic “0”. The small size of the designed structure is among the advantages of this structure. Moreover, given that this half-subtractor is devoid of ring resonators, it can be used in high-speed integrated optical circuits. Another advantage of the proposed half-subtractor is that the optical powers in the outputs are similar in the high and low optical states.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, five new molecules (S1-S5) were designed by end-capped engineering of acceptor moiety of reference Tr(Hex)6Cl (R) keeping the truxene core and thiophene π bridge same among different density functional theory (DFT) based functionals, B3LYP in conjunction of 6-31G(d,p) basis set of DFT was found in good agreement of experimental data and the most suitable basis set for determining the optoelectronic properties.
Abstract: As the end-capped engineering plays a key role in enhancing the photovoltaic characteristics of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, therefore, the present study was aimed to develop some novel materials with excellent photovoltaic properties using end-capped acceptors engineering For this purpose, five new molecules (S1-S5) were designed by end-capped engineering of acceptor moiety of reference Tr(Hex)6Cl (R) keeping the truxene core and thiophene π bridge same Among different density functional theory (DFT) based functionals, B3LYP in conjunction of 6-31G(d,p) basis set of DFT was found in good agreement of experimental data and the most suitable basis set for determining the optoelectronic properties All the designed molecules (S1-S5) illustrated greater absorption maxima (red shift), reduced energy gap and smaller excitation energy values as compared to R Among all the studied molecules (R and S1-S5) the highest stabilized highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were observed for S1 which is due to the presence of strong electron withdrawing end capped moiety E1 which contain dicyano groups The smaller reorganizational energy value of electron and holes proved designed molecule S1 as a better candidate for charge transfer as compared to other molecules All the designed molecules exhibited better charge transfer properties and greater electron coherence in acceptor moiety as compared to R Overall results of present study depicted that all the end capped acceptors (E1-E5) of designed molecules (S1 to S5) possessed efficient electron withdrawing properties These results indicate that all star-shaped conceptual molecules (S1-S5) are ideal aspirants for construction of future organic solar cells
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ionic currents along the microtubules equation handled by applying two different techniques are investigated. But the results demonstrate that the proposed methods are significantly powerful, evangelist, relaxing, suitable, and convenient for solving many nonlinear models.
Abstract: In this survey, the ionic currents along the microtubules equation handled by applying two different techniques. It describes the ionic transport throughout the intracellular environment. This phenomenon explains the behavior of many applications in a biological nonlinear dispatch line for ionic currents. Using two different analytical techniques on this equation allows us to get new forms of analytical solitary traveling wave solutions. The obtained solutions support many researchers concerned with the discussion of the physical properties of the ionic currents along microtubules. Microtubules are one of the main components of the cytoskeleton, and function in many operations, comprehensive constitutional backing, intracellular transmit, and DNA division. The thing which makes us applies this property in many applications for this model. The earned results demonstrate that the proposed methods are significantly powerful, evangelist, relaxing, suitable, and convenient for solving many nonlinear models.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Kudryashov method and sub-equation method were employed to retrieve the bright and dark soliton solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger-Korteweg-de Vries equations.
Abstract: The quest for exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations has become a remarkable research subject in recent years. In this study, we employ the Kudryashov method and sub-equation method to retrieve the bright and dark soliton solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger-Korteweg-de Vries equations. Other soliton-type solutions like the periodic, singular, and rational solutions are achieved as well. These coupled equations occur in phenomena of interactions between short and long dispersive waves which are significant in various fields of applied sciences and engineering. The solutions obtained in this study have been verified with the help of the Mathematica package software. Furthermore, we present graphical representations of the solutions of bright and dark solitons for a useful understanding of the behavior and physical structures of the coupled equations considered.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new two-mode version of the Hirota equation is presented, which describes the propagation of two-symmetric solitary waves moving simultaneously with dependent phase-velocity parameter.
Abstract: In this work, we present a new two-mode version to the complex Hirota equation. This new model arises in many applications in the field of optics, communications and other engineering sciences. It describes the propagation of two-symmetric solitary waves moving simultaneously with dependent phase-velocity parameter. The extended tanh-coth expansion method and the polynomial-function method are used to extract novel new cusp-type solutions to the Hirota model. A comprehensive graphical analysis is conducted to show physical aspects of this new type of nonlinear equations. The findings of this work are from mathematical point of view and we propose some benefits regarding the concept of two-mode where it could be visualized and practically applied.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a diverse collection of exact solutions to a high-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation, called the Sasa-Satsuma equation, were investigated using the generalized exponential rational function method.
Abstract: This paper investigates a diverse collection of exact solutions to a high-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation, called the Sasa-Satsuma equation. These results are obtained for this nonlinear equation using the generalized exponential rational function method. The graphical interpretation of the solutions are presented. These plots are helpful to better describe the dynamic characteristics of the achieved results. As a result, the method employed in the paper can be used to determine solitons and other solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new design of an all-optical filter using photonic crystal microstructure was reported, which has high transmission power, high quality factor, and low cross-talk.
Abstract: In this paper, we report a new design of an all-optical filter using photonic crystal microstructure Ring resonators, line defects, scatterer rods, microcavities, and coupling rods are used to form the filter in order to extract specific wavelengths at the output channels The well-known plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the photonic band diagram The widely used finite-difference time-domain method is also applied to study the light propagation inside the filter Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed structure has high transmission power, high-quality factor, and low cross-talk They reveal an optical signal centered at 1522 nm exits the first output channel, which has an output-to-input ratio (OIR) of 95 % with a bandwidth (FWHM) of 04 nm, and an optical signal centered at 15208 nm exits the second output channel with an OIR of 98 % and an FWHM of 05 nm The third output channel can exit the optical signal centered at 15182 nm with an OIR of 78 % and an FWHM of 04 nm Furthermore, the fourth channel will exit the optical signal at 15193 nm with an OIR of 56 % and an FWHM of 04 nm Therefore, the quality factors of the first to fourth outputs of the filter are equal to 3805, 3041, 3795, and 3798, respectively The first to fourth outputs’ cross-talk values are also − 37 dB, − 36 dB, − 41 dB, and − 38 dB, respectively, which confirm the least interference between output channels Besides, linear dielectric rods form the filter design that leads to the filter’s appropriate performance at a low input power that is the most important benefit of this work compared to other recently published articles The maximum rise time of the proposed filter for all output ports is less than 8 ps The structure also has 37584 µm2, which makes the filter easy to use in photonic integrated circuits
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conservation laws of Chen-Lee-Liu equation (CLLE) with scaling invariance technique were computed using Euler and homotopy operators for the evaluation of conserved densities and fluxes.
Abstract: In this paper, we will compute the conservation laws (CLs) of Chen–Lee–Liu equation (CLLE) with the help of scaling invariance technique. We will use Euler and Homotopy operators for the evaluation of conserved densities and fluxes. We will also obtain optical dromions with the help of Unified method (UM). By using this method, we will get domain walls, solitary wave and elliptic wave solutions. Moreover, we will investigate the stability as well as the integrability of the governing model by using linear stability technique and Painleve analysis respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) transparent matrix doped by tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WC NPs) were investigated.
Abstract: In present work, nanocomposites films of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) transparent matrix doped by tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WC NPs) were prepared to use in many optoelectronics and photonics devices with low cost, light weight, excellent corrosion resistance and good optical and electronic properties compare with others materials. The PVP/PEO/WC nanostructures were fabricated with various ratios of polymer matrix and tungsten carbide. Structure, electronic, optical and electrical characterizations of samples were studied. The results indicated to the nanocomposites have higher absorbance at UV spectrum. The absorption of (PVP–PEO) matrix enhanced 31.6% with adding of WC NPs. The energy band gap decreases from 3.6 to 3.22 eV. The optical parameters and conductivity of (PVP–PEO) matrix were improved with the rise in WC NPs content. The obtained results indicated that the (PVP–PEO–WC) nanocomposites are promising for different optoelectronics applications which may be used in various fields of electronics and photonics devices.
TL;DR: In this article, a photonic crystal structure is proposed to realize the NOR logic gate, which is small in size and uses simple linear and point defects to make the design simpler and thus easier to build this gate.
Abstract:
In this research, an all-optical NOR gate is designed and simulated based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. A square lattice has been used to design this structure. This logic gate has two main inputs, a bias input and an output. Because the output of the NOR gate must be “1” for zero inputs, a bias input is required. One of the characteristics of this structure is its small size for use in optical integrated circuits. Also, in order to reduce the detection error in the output, it has been tried that the outputs have a suitable distance in two “0” and “1” logical states. The use of a small number and simple point defects makes the design of this gate easier. The simulation results show that the proposed structure is suitable for working at a wavelength of 1.55µm. Also, the amount of optical power at the output is high in the “1” logical mode and low in the “0” logical mode. This indicates that this structure has a reliable output for detecting logical values. In this paper, a photonic crystal structure is proposed to realize the NOR logic gate, which is small in size and uses simple linear and point defects. The use of very few point defects has made the design simpler and thus easier to build this gate. Due to these characteristics, this structure can be suitable for optically integrated circuits.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported a new design of a broadband absorber composed of graphene, dielectric, and gold layers, which can be used for applications in the far infrared frequency range due to choosing optimized dimensions and the graphene Fermi level.
Abstract: This paper reports a new design of a broadband absorber composed of graphene, dielectric, and gold layers. The designed absorber has four absorbent modes close to each other, which results in the formation of broadband absorption. The relative bandwidth, a key parameter to assess the bandwidth improvement, shows a significant increase in the proposed design compared to similar structures published in recent years. The numerical results also reveal this metamaterial absorber can be used for applications in the far-infrared frequency range due to choosing optimized dimensions and the graphene Fermi level. Unlike other graphene-based metamaterials, which require complicated structures to be able to attain broadband absorption, the physical structure of the proposed design has a relatively simple fabrication process. For further investigations, the effect of split geometry on the absorption spectrum is studied. Also, the use of graphene in this metamaterial absorber provides dynamic adjustability through electrostatic doping in order to tune the amount of absorption. This characteristic has been studied by changing the graphene Fermi level. This feature can be widely used in electro-absorption switches and modulators.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the dynamic response based on nonlinear material (NLM) for the electrical and optical analogy of the full optical oscillator, which can be constructed by one LM-NLM couple, continuous laser source (CLS) and one Delay Line, which controls the oscillator frequency.
Abstract: This work presents the dynamic response based on non-linear material (NLM) for the electrical and optical analogy of the full optical oscillator. The full optical oscillator based on NLM introduces a good solution of light intensity to modify its optical characteristics and then present a proposed type of oscillators that depends totally on the light. This type of oscillator depends on the light of the laser and NLM. The logic equations derivation can be initiated by some logic equations, followed by the electrical analogy for the optical oscillator using the logic equations with its operation steps. We have introduced the optical analogy of the optical oscillator with its results. We have discussed the pulse shape of the clock pulse train of the optical oscillator. The full optical oscillator can be constructed by one LM-NLM couple, continuous laser source (CLS) and one Delay Line, which controls the oscillator frequency. The time flow is analyzed and simulated for the dull optical oscillator deduced from the step by step operation of the full optical oscillator. The electrical analogy circuit for seven pulses of the full optical oscillator is presented and clarified. The time flow resulting from the electrical analogy circuit of the full optical oscillator is also examined. The main steps of generating the clock pulses of an all-optical oscillator are also clarified.
TL;DR: In this article, a variation on the resonant peak positions using the analyte defect layer with different refractive indices was obtained, showing that the defect peak of the optimized structure is red-shifted from 2195 to 2322nm when the refractive index of the defect layer changes from 1.3246 to 1.3634.
Abstract: The performance of one-dimensional photonic crystal for plasma cell application is studied theoretically. The geometry of the structure can detect the change in the refractive index of the plasma cells in a sample that infiltrated through the defect layer. We have obtained a variation on the resonant peak positions using the analyte defect layer with different refractive indices. The defect peak of the optimized structure is red-shifted from 2195 to 2322 nm when the refractive index of the defect layer changes from 1.3246 to 1.3634. This indicates a high sensitivity of the device (S = 3300 nm/RIU) as well as a high Q-factor (Q = 103). The proposed sensor has a great potential for biosensing applications and the detection of convalescent plasma.
TL;DR: In this article, a new model of multi-layer metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) in the terahertz region has been introduced, which is similar to the classic absorber model, i.e., the three traditional layers of metal-dielectric-metal.
Abstract: In this paper, a new model of multi-layer metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) in the terahertz region has been introduced. This model is similar to the classic absorber model, ie the three traditional layers of metal-dielectric-metal. The difference is that the middle layer has changed in height and consists of 3 separate layers with the same material. Therefore, the middle layer of the proposed structure is metamaterial. Numerical results of the simulation show that the absorption rate of the perfect absorber at 6.86 THz is 99.99%. Also, by changing the width of the two middle layer columns w, a dual-band perfect absorber with an average absorption rate of 97.18% is obtained at frequencies of 4.24 THz and 6.86 THz. A significant advantage of this paper over other works is that this absorber is adjustable, in addition to obtaining a nearly perfect dual-band absorber with a narrow-band peak by adjusting the parameters and also a nearly broad-band absorber can also be obtained by changing the parameters without re-manufacturing the structure. We believe that the proposed absorber has potential in filtering, detection and imaging.
TL;DR: A detailed survey on performance enhancement of free space optical (FSO) communication system and also discusses various channel distribution models and modulation techniques to have high reliability and FSO link availability are discussed in this article.
Abstract: Free space optical (FSO) communication system has obtained significant importance in communication field due to its unique features: unlimited spectrum, larger bandwidth and high data rate, low mass and less power requirements, quick and easy deployability. FSO system better suits in disaster recovery, defense and last mile problems in networks, remote sensing and so on. However, FSO system has greater advantage, its performance is mainly degraded by adverse effects like beam wandering and spreading, scattering and mainly a major degradation factor is atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors which leads to severe degradation in Bit error rate (BER) and Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the FSO link and makes the communication link infeasible. This paper gives a detailed survey on performance enhancement of FSO communication system and also discusses various channel distribution models and modulation techniques to have high reliability and FSO link availability. In this paper, the various atmospheric effects like turbulence, fog, absorption and scintillation and so on are discussed. The first part of the paper analysis the channel models and the latter part of the paper summarizes the different modulation techniques, diversity techniques and also the comparative study of the (SNR) and (BER) under various atmospheric factors of the FSO system. This survey provides the comprehensive details in order to provide low cost and high capacity FSO link design.
TL;DR: In this paper, several classes of exact analytical solutions for the time-fractional $$(2+1)$$ -dimensional Ito equation are obtained with the aid of the Mathematica package.
Abstract: In this paper, with the aid of the Mathematica package, several classes of exact analytical solutions for the time-fractional $$(2+1)$$
-dimensional Ito equation are obtained. To analytically tackle the above equation, the Kudryashov simple equation approach and its modified form are applied. Rational, exponential-rational, periodic, and hyperbolic functions with a number of free parameters were represented by the obtained soliton solutions. Graphical illustrations with special choices of free constants and different fractional orders are included for certain acquired solutions. Both approaches include the efficiency, applicability and easy handling of the solution mechanism for nonlinear evolution equations that occur in the various real-life problems.
TL;DR: In this article, perturbed Chen-Lee-Liu equation is considered to describe pulse propagation in optical fibers, and two renowned analytical techniques namely, $$\exp (-\varphi (\eta ))$$¯¯ -expansion method and the generalized Kudryashov method are applied to analyze this model.
Abstract: In this paper, perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation is considered to describe pulse propagation in optical fibers. Chen–Lee–Liu equation is a derivative form of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Two renowned analytical techniques namely, $$\exp (-\varphi (\eta ))$$
-expansion method and the generalized Kudryashov method are applied to analyze this model. The algorithm of these methods is also presented. Different structures of soliton solutions are successfully investigated for perturbed this model. Additionally, constraint conditions on coefficients of perturbation terms are also defined to assure the existence of such solitons. The graphical representation of these solutions is shown to demonstrate the dynamics of pulse propagation governed by Chen–Lee–Liu equation in optical fibers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the M-fractional paraxial nonlinear Schrodinger equation with Kerr media was solved using modified simple equation method and the auxiliary equation method, and a set of novel travelling wave solutions were observed such as bright, dark, periodic and optical solitons.
Abstract: The focus of this article is to find some new exact solutions to the M-fractional paraxial nonlinear Schrodinger equation with Kerr media by employing the modified simple equation method and the auxiliary equation method. A set of novel travelling wave solutions are observed such as bright, dark, periodic and optical solitons. Moreover, the physical interpretation of nonlinear waves would also be demonstrated with the aid of scientific computing.
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical form of optical pulses for the hyperbolic nonlinear Schrodinger equation is studied by the extended tanh expansion method and another new method successfully.
Abstract: Analytical forms of optical pulses for the hyperbolic nonlinear Schrodinger equation are studied by the extended tanh expansion method and another new method successfully. Some graphical presentations of these analytical optical pulses are presented. Bifurcation analysis of the optical pulses of the hyperbolic nonlinear Schrodinger equation is also presented. All possible phase plots are depicted based on physical parameters. The hyperbolic nonlinear Schrodinger equation supports solitary, periodic, kink, anti-kink and most important superperiodic optical pulses. This study is applicable to understand the features of nonlinear pulses in optical fiber.
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic sensor with one rectangular and two square nanorod array resonators that shows a Fano resonance is analyzed and suggested.
Abstract: In this paper, a metal–insulator–metal plasmonic sensor with one rectangular and two square nanorod array resonators that shows a Fano resonance is analyzed and suggested. The finite difference time domain method is used to investigate the output spectra and sensing characteristics. The transmission spectra show a sharp and asymmetric shape, because of the narrow-band spectrum and broad-band one affected by two square resonators and rectangular cavity. The coupled mode theory is used to describe the Fano resonance effect. The Fano resonance shows a notable red shift with an increasing dielectric material refractive index. The results show that with optimizing the physical parameters, the sensitivity is attained 1090 nm/RIU, and water and Ethanol temperature sensitivities are achieved as high as 0.087 nm/ °C and 0.475 nm/ °C, respectively. The corresponding figure of merit value is 2 × 104 RIU−1. The proposed structure can be used in photonic integrated devices to perform the sensing operation.
TL;DR: In this article, a two-mode version of the generalized Burger-Huxley equation is derived using Korsunsky operators, which describes the interaction of two symmetric waves moving simultaneously in the same direction.
Abstract: New two-mode version of the generalized Burger–Huxley equation is derived using Korsunsky’s operators. The new model arises in the applications of nerve fibers and liquid crystals, and it describes the interaction of two symmetric waves moving simultaneously in the same direction. Solitary wave solutions of types kink-soliton, singular-kink-soliton and singular-periodic are obtained to this model by means of the simplified bilinear method, polynomial-function method and the Kudryashov-expansion method. A comprehensive graphical analysis is conducted to show some physical properties of this new type of nonlinear equations. Finally, all obtained solutions are verified by direct substitutions in the new model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extract pure-cubic optical solitons in nonlinear optical fiber modeled by nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with the effect of third-order dispersion, Kerr law of nonlinearity and without chromatic dispersion.
Abstract: The main concentration of this article is to extract pure-cubic optical solitons in nonlinear optical fiber modeled by nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). The governing model is discussed the with the effect of third-order dispersion, Kerr law of nonlinearity and without chromatic dispersion. We extract the solutions in different forms like, Jacobi’s elliptic, hyperbolic, periodic, exponential function solutions including a class of solitary wave solutions such that bright, dark, singular, kink-shape, multiple-optical soliton, and mixed complex soliton solutions. Recently developed integration tools known as $$\varPhi ^6$$
-model expansion method, generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM) and generalized Kudryashov method are applied to analyze the governing model. The studied model is also discussed by the concept of modulation instability (MI) analysis. The constraints conditions are explicitly presented for the resulting solutions and singular periodic wave solutions are recovered. Furthermore, for explaining the solutions in physical phenomena, the three dimensional, two dimensional, and their related contours graphs are plotted under the selection of appropriate parameters. The accomplished results show that the applied computational system is direct, productive, reliable and can be carried out in more complicated phenomena. The results show that the studied equation theoretically has extremely rich pure-cubic optical structures of nonlinear fiber relevance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a technological overview of optical wireless hybrid networks, including optical-based free-space optics (FSO), optical camera communication (OCC), light fidelity (LiFi), RF-based Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi), small cell, macrocell, mmWave and microwave.
Abstract: Wireless communication refers to data transfer in an unguided propagation medium through wireless carriers such as visible light (VL) and radio frequency (RF). The rapidly growing demand for high data rates overloads conventional RF wireless communication. Therefore, technologies such as cognitive radios and millimeter waves (mmWaves) have been utilized to overcome capacity limitation and spectrum scarcity of RF systems. In parallel, optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising alternative solution to its radio frequency (RF) compeer. OWC has been revolutionized to support fifth generation (5G) wireless communication and Internet-of-Things (IoT) terminals. In addition, OWC has no health hazard, low power consumption, unlicensed spectrum and shows immunity to interferences from electromagnetic sources. As RF and OWC are compatible, so a joint application scenario is referred as an excellent solution to support 5G and beyond systems. Hybrid optical/optical and RF/optical system is a promising approach to remove the limitations of each system as well as to enable supporting features of each technology. An optical/optical hybrid system is based on two or more OWC technologies while RF/optical hybrid system contains both RF and OWC technologies. The hybrid systems can enhance system performance in terms of energy efficiency, reliability and throughput of each system. Thus, hybrid RF/optical systems are envisioned as a key enabler to enhance user mobility and data rate on the one hand and to optimize power consumption, network load, interference and network capacity on the other hand. This survey seeks to provide the state-of-the-art and future research directions regarding optical wireless hybrid networks. This paper represents a technological overview of existing optical wireless hybrid networks. We have discussed optical-based free-space optics (FSO), optical camera communication (OCC), light fidelity (LiFi) which extends the concept of visible light communication (VLC) to attain bi-directional and fully networked wireless communication, as well as RF-based Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi), small cell, macrocell, mmWave and microwave. In addition, we have also considered underwater acoustic communication for acoustic/optical and acoustic/RF hybrid networks. An extensive range of applications such as indoor, vehicular communication, eHealth, backhaul connectivity solution and underwater communication is considered. We have addressed potential challenges and open research issues for design and successful deployment of hybrid wireless networks.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel bio-sensing platform based on defected photonic crystal waveguide for cancerous blood detection, where the defect layer in the middle of the structure leads to a sharp resonant peak in the photonic band gap of the transmittance spectrum.
Abstract: In this work, we propose a novel compact bio-sensing platform based on defected photonic crystal waveguide for cancerous blood detection. The introduction of the defect layer in the middle of the structure leads to a sharp resonant peak in the photonic band gap of the transmittance spectrum. It is found using the Transfer Matrix Method that the resonant wavelength of the biosensor is red shifted on increasing the refractive index of the blood sample placed in the defect layer of the structure. The optimized thickness of the defect layer leading to well-defined, sharp and highly distinguishable resonant peaks is found to be 7μm. At this defect thickness, comparatively higher sensitivity and performance have been achieved. Our proposed structure exhibits a sensitivity of 244.4 nm/RIU and a quality factor as high as of 9138 for a refractive index of 1.392 at normal incidence. Furthermore, at the incidence angle ranges from 40° to 60° the sensitivity of the sensor improved from 291 to 344 nm/RIU. The structure has the potential to detect and sense cancerous blood samples with high efficacy.
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid multi-mode fiber (MMF) and visible light communication (VLC) system is proposed for the first time, where the central station transmits 10 Gbits of baseband optical signal generated by using the LED source over 4 km of MMF to the cloud VLC (C-VLC), and the harmonic components are discard using the low pass filter.
Abstract: This paper reports a novel architecture of hybrid multi-mode fiber (MMF) and visible light communication (VLC) system. The cloud VLC Access Point introduces for the first time. The central station transmits 10 Gbits of baseband optical signal generated by using the LED source over 4 km of MMF to the cloud VLC (C-VLC) terminal point at the smart home network. We assume that all optical background noises have been considered in the VLC channel. A 10 Gbits transferred over 25 m free space optical (FSO) channel using white LED source. A forward error correction channel encoding has been used with non- return to zero to transmit the data. All optical background noises have been added to the FSO channel such as white light, red, green, flashlight, yellow, ultraviolet, blue and spectrum light sources. The VLC receiving system has an optical filter and maximum likelihood sequence estimation equalizer. The harmonic components are discard using the low pass filter. The simulation results show that the system model has a typical performance with zero bit error rate.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-mode extension to the coupled KdV-Schrodinger equations is presented, and the celebrated Kudryashovexpansion method is used to find explicit solutions to the new model.
Abstract: In this work, we present new two-mode extension to the coupled KdV–Schrodinger equations. This new model arises in many applications in the field of optics, communications and other engineering sciences. It describes the propagation of symmetric bidirectional solitary-waves and their interaction is dependent on a phase-velocity parameter. The celebrated Kudryashov-expansion method is used to find explicit solutions to the new model. The obtained solutions are analyzed by providing 2D and 3D plots and some physical properties are drawn.