Showing papers in "Pediatric Clinics of North America in 2013"

TL;DR: The composition of human milk is the biological norm for infant nutrition and contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization.

TL;DR: Recent trends in epidemiology are reviewed and an update on risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management of neonatal sepsis is provided.

TL;DR: Donor milk is a resource for premature infants whose mothers are unable to provide an adequate supply of milk, and challenges include the need for pasteurization, nutritional and biochemical deficiencies, and limited supply.

TL;DR: Who chooses to breastfeed and for how long in the United States is examined and the latest evidence about the consequences of breastfeeding for the health of the infant and mother is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a pre-conceptual vaccine against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children with symptomatic Congenital Cytomegaly virus infection.

TL;DR: Patient-centered and family-centered care (PFCC) has been endorsed by many professional health care organizations and the growing body of evidence suggests that PFCC is beneficial to patients, families, and staff.

TL;DR: This review article updates the pediatric medical community on the current literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of delirium in critically ill children.

TL;DR: The translation of the evidence for the use of human milk (HM) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) into best practices, toolkits, policies and procedures, talking points, and parent information packets is limited, and requires use of evidence-based quality indicators to benchmark the use and consistent messaging by the entire NICU team about the importance of HM for infants in the NICU, establishing procedures that protect maternal milk supply, and incorporating lactation technologies that take the guesswork out of HM feedings and facilitate milk transfer during breastfeeding as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Management guidelines acknowledge these considerations and recommend discussion between health care providers, patient, and family about the role of splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis.

TL;DR: A broad overview of SCD in childhood is provided, from newborn screening through transition to adult medical care, and lifelong multidisciplinary care is necessary.

TL;DR: This article explored common personal and societal barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and offered evidence-based strategies to support mothers to breastfeed exclusively, such as ensuring prenatal education, supportive maternity practices, timely follow-up, and management of lactation challenges.

TL;DR: A child with an osteomyelitis in a lower extremity characteristically presents with limping with or without notable local tenderness, whereas acute septic arthritis is often readily visible because the joint is red, tender, and swollen.

TL;DR: The diagnosis and management of children with autoimmune cytopenias can be challenging, and recent insights into disease biology have led to targeted therapies, including the use of thrombopoietin mimetics in ITP and sirolimus for cy topenias associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.

TL;DR: New guidelines used by clinicians to identify children who are appropriate candidates for Adenotonsillectomy address indications based primarily on obstructive and infectious causes.

TL;DR: The epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and complications of foreign body ingestions in children, with particular attention paid to coins, sharp objects, long objects, food bolus, caustic liquids, batteries, and magnets are presented.

TL;DR: Zoonotic Toxocara and Toxoplasma parasitic infections are more frequent in southern states, in African Americans, and in populations with lower socioeconomic status.

TL;DR: The necessary skills required for clinicians to make informed decisions about the use of medications in women who are breastfeeding are reviewed, including kinetic principles, mechanisms of medication entry into breast milk, and important infant factors.

TL;DR: The use of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of central nervous system infections and the development of safe and effective antiviral therapy has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of infants with neonatal herpes disease.

TL;DR: The concept and definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults and children has undergone significant change in recent years as mentioned in this paper, and a growing experience with pediatric continuous renal replacement therapies has improved the delivery of care in children.

TL;DR: Bone marrow transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and supportive care are discussed in detail and guidelines for the management of children with acquired aplastic anemia are offered.

TL;DR: exclusive breastfeeding meets the nutritional needs of infants for 6 months of life with the exception of vitamins D and K, which should be given to breastfed infants as supplements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used various risk-stratification strategies to identify serious bacterial infections without an obvious source in febrile children, because missed bacterial infections in such children can result in meningitis, sepsis, and death; therefore, early and accurate identification of SBIs is critical.

TL;DR: The present epidemiology of SSTI and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, evidence-based approach to incision and drainage, the utility of adjuvant antibiotic therapy after abscess drainage, and current antimicrobial approach to cellulitis and nondrained SSTIs are discussed.

TL;DR: The common causes of lymphadenopathy are reviewed, a methodical approach to a patient with cervical lymphadenopathic disease is presented, and the most appropriate workup and management is presented.

TL;DR: High clinical suspicion along with consultation with an otolaryngologist, who can evaluate for laryngeal findings, is necessary to accurately diagnose LPRD.

TL;DR: The diseases that account for most IBMFS diagnoses are analyzed and several themes have emerged within each subsection of IBMFS, including the ribosomopathies, which include ribosome assembly and ribosomal RNA processing.

TL;DR: It is vital that all newborn children undergo hearing screening to identify deaf children at birth, and for parents, health care providers, and health care payers to be educated about the indications, important benefits, and reasonable risks of cochlear implantation for deaf children.

TL;DR: The objective of this review is to assist pediatricians in understanding the coagulation system in fetal life and childhood and to provide guidance for interpreting basic coagulations testing, which will result in an improved ability to diagnose and treat patients with hemostatic and thrombotic disorders.

TL;DR: In addition to antibiotics, adjuvant therapies and surgery may be used in the management of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

TL;DR: A generalized overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, and molecular basis of inherited abnormalities of coagulation with a focus on hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and rare inherited coagulating disorders is provided.