Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1992"

TL;DR: This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythm of body temperature and describes the typical pattern of oscillation under standard laboratory conditions, with consideration being given to intra- and interspecies differences.

TL;DR: The influence of social factors on the eating behaviors of humans was investigated by paying 153 adults to maintain 7-day diaries of everything they ingested and the number of other people present to suggest social facilitation of naturally occurring meal intake by humans is an extremely potent influence.

TL;DR: Overall caloric intake from snacks was significantly reduced by naloxone in binge eaters but not in controls, and this reduction was most pronounced for sweet high-fat foods such as cookies or chocolate.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the dominant rats significantly increased the time spent on the originally less-preferred side after play conditioning, and thus suggest a conditioned place aversion (CPA).

TL;DR: The results suggest that the discrete-trial current-threshold procedure can readily discriminate reward from performance treatments and is a useful tool in the elucidation of the neurobiological basis of reward.

TL;DR: It was concluded that mesenteric fat tissue may respond to stress in a different manner from other fat depots, and glucocorticoids seem to be partly, but not solely, responsible for the changes observed in adipose tissue metabolism and distribution following exposure to uncontrollable stress.

TL;DR: Whether rats could be exposed repeatedly to the open field without affecting the differences in behaviour between the two treatment groups was investigated, and whether footshocks affect the behavioural response to a sudden drop in background noise during exposure to a novel environment was investigated.

TL;DR: The long latencies of the vocalization, their appearance in multiple series to a single touch, and quick habituation to the stimuli indicate that 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalization of rats reflects a distress caused by a potential danger to the animal and it does not necessarily reflect physical discomfort or pain.

TL;DR: The release of neuronal histamine from the anterior hypothalamic area was monitored continuously in conscious, freely moving rats under a 12:12 h light:dark cycle and suggests that the central histaminergic system is related to the circadian rhythm of rats.

TL;DR: The long-term effects of one short session of inescapable footshocks are not compatible with what is supposed to represent behavioural manifestations of depression in animals and it is concluded that the common denominator of shock-induced long-lasting changes is increased behavioural defensiveness, which is more likely related to increased fear and/or anxiety.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the medial amygdala plays a critical role in regulating masculine sexual behavior in the rat, and shows a severe deficit of copulatory behavior.

TL;DR: Correlations between dominance rank, levels of plasma testosterone, testicular volume, body weight, and development of secondary sexual characteristics in male mandrills under semifree ranging conditions are described to show that in the male mandrill social factors and reproductive development are interrelated.

TL;DR: The hyperactivity of the WKHA strain seems to be less pervasive than that of the SHR, which is dependent upon the reinforcement value of the water deliveries and was increased even further by sensory-reinforcing respones feedback lights.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the sweet liker/disliker distinction is robust and valid, and that sensitivity to PROP may influence preference for sweet by altering the quality of sweet.

TL;DR: Histology from animals used in Experiments 1-3 indicates that optimum sites for insulin-induced changes in BW and FI in the hypothalamus lie in an area that includes portions of the paraventricular, arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei.

TL;DR: The results showed that all subjects underwent significant stress-related changes in the parameters studied, which suggest the involvement of different mechanisms in preexam stress.

TL;DR: It is suggested that social facilitation has a causal influence on eating which increases food intake.

TL;DR: A period of rapid change in the wave components of the electroencephalogram marks the transition from wake to sleep, and whether this transitional state is modified in any way in subjects diagnosed for psychophysiological insomnia is studied.

TL;DR: It is proposed that WKY rats are hyperresponsive to stress and that novelty stress elicits depression-like behavior, which is the prevalent behavioral stress response in W KY rats.

TL;DR: Alterations of 5HT and its chief metabolite 5HIAA were studied in four regions of the rat brain following acute 1-h swim exercise and 4 week chronic swim exercise to explain the antidepressant effect of exercise based on the 5HT deficiency theory of endogenous depression.

TL;DR: Plasma concentrations of oxytocin in primiparous female pigs with chronic catheters preplaced in the external jugular vein were significantly lower than in naloxone-treated pigs, five out of six of which gave birth spontaneously to one or more piglets within 2.5 h.

TL;DR: It is suggested that chronic sucrose consumption attenuates hormonally induced differences in nociception and that consumption of highly palatable foods modified pain sensitivity.

TL;DR: The data suggest: 1) short periods of deprivation do not have a cumulative effect, and 2) there is a critical length of deprivation beyond which persistent changes in adrenocortical responsivity ensue.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that prenatal stress potentiates defensive responsiveness which may interfere with the expression of appetitive behavioral activities of juvenile rats is examined to support the hypothesis that prenatally stressed juvenile rats are responsive to stress which may modulate the inclination to exhibit social behavior.

TL;DR: It appears that the amygdaloid complex appears to be an essential component in the neural systems mediating some forms of aversive Pavlovian conditioning, and the latter are more sensitive to disruption using the present procedures.

TL;DR: Habituation may be relevant for understanding how sensory stimuli influence factors related to ingestive behavior, and a video game could serve as a distractor to prevent the development of habituation, as well as a dishabituator after habituation had occurred.

TL;DR: Salivary testosterone concentrations were measured in male and female members of four heterosexual couples on a total of 11 evenings before and after sexual intercourse and 11 evenings on which there was no intercourse, suggesting that sexual activity affects testosterone more than initial testosterone affects sexual activity.

TL;DR: The data suggest that 3 days of the stress regimen are sufficient to produce a state of chronic stress and that some signs of this state begin to appear as early as the first exposure to the inescapable stress regimen.

TL;DR: Results suggest that cells originating in posterior regions of the septum mediate anxiety-related responses in both the plus-maze and the shock-probe tests, compared to sham-lesioned control.

TL;DR: Handling mice for repeatedly measuring their colonic temperature (Tc) resulted in a significant rise in their Tc, but when the procedure was repeated day after day, this response diminished by habituation, showing the emotional origin of Tc rise.