Showing papers in "Polymer Degradation and Stability in 2001"

TL;DR: In this article, dewaxed maize stems, rye straw, and rice straw with 1 M NaOH at 30°C for 18 h resulted in a dissolution of 78.0, 68.8, and 82.6% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, a strain of Penicillium simplicissimum (YK) was used in the biodegradation of polyethylene, characterizing the fungus and examining how to treat the polyethylenes before cultivation to make degradation more complete.

TL;DR: A series of high molecular weight polyesters, poly(butylene succinate- co -butylene adipate)s was prepared from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate and 1,4-butanediol by catalyzed transesterification in the melt as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the flame retardant effect of inorganic hydroxides, like aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydoxide in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, was evaluated and compared with that of other inorganic fillers such as boehmite and hydrotalcite.

TL;DR: The degradation of polyurethane topcoat over a chromate pigmented epoxy primer was examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscope (FTIR) after the coated panels were exposed in a QUV chamber as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal degradation of polyurethane (PU) and PU/EG coatings has been investigated and it has been shown that the structure of the char is similar for PU and PU and consists in a carbonaceous polyaromatic species.

TL;DR: In this paper, the PLLA spherulites were found to be rather hydrolysis resistant compared with those in the free amorphous region between the crystalline regions.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of photo-oxidation on the thermal stability and fire retardant performance of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride/clay and polyethylene-clay nanocomposites were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a crosslinker, hexamethoxymethylmelamine (Cymel 323) produced effective crosslinking through a transetherification reaction between methoxy groups in Cymel323 and hydroxyl groups in starch, PVOH and wood.

TL;DR: In this article, a nanocomposite was obtained in the case of FH/ODA with exfoliation of the FH crystalline layers which were separately distributed in EVA as shown by X-ray diffraction.

TL;DR: In this paper, succinylated lignin preparations showed an increased thermal stability compared to the corresponding unmodified lignins, which was reflected by thermal analyses such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.

TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis of pure cellulose, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC) was compared with that of mixtures of these compounds by thermal analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the synergistic effects of silicotungistic acid (SiW12) as a catalyst in polypropylene (PP) flame-retarded by the intumescent flame retarder (IFR) based on the NP28 phosphorus-nitrogen compound were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

TL;DR: In this article, a poly( l -lactic acid) (PLA) was irradiated with γ-rays in air and in vacuum at 25°C, and the degree of chain-scission G s of irradiated PLA was calculated to be 1.97 in air, and 0.83 in vacuum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different loads of magnesium hydroxide as flame retardant on the flammability parameters of particleboard was studied and different flame retardants combinations were also compared.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of each polymer in the stabilization or destabilization of other interacting plastics, as well as the fate of chlorine produced from PVC was investigated under vacuum conditions by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in the temperature range of 25-600°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the light stability of wood panel treated with acetic anhydride, succinic anoxide, maleic anoxide and phthalic anhydrides was compared.

TL;DR: In this paper, a DTG curve fitting method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of six major plastic materials found among urban refuse: high density polyethylene, low-density polyethylenes, polystyrene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(ethylene terephthalate).

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study was conducted into the thermo-oxidative degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephate)(PBT) was carried out in an oxygen atmosphere at 160°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the main gaseous and liquid products, including the chlorinated hydrocarbons, were identified by chromatography and global and chlorine mass balances were performed, comparing the pyrolysis product composition from each single polymer with those from the commingled plastics.

TL;DR: In this article, a thorough investigation was carried out on the propensity to biodegradation behavior of casting films based on waste gelatin (WG), after characterization of thermal and thermomechanical behaviour of the present blends, under incubation conditions aimed at simulating soil burial conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal degradation of natural rubber/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was studied and the effects of blend ratio, crosslink level and initiating system were analyzed.

TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction was used to characterize polyvinyl alcohol/graphite oxide intercalated nanocomposites and showed that the content of graphite oxide can change the glass transition temperature of the composite.

TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated using FT-IR analysis, and it was found that the degradation is dominated by the formation of carbonyl and vinyl species.

TL;DR: In this article, the flame retardance and thermal stability of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer reactively modified by Copolymerisation of the MMA with diethyl (methacryloyloxymethyl) phosphonate (DEMMP) have been compared.

TL;DR: In this article, phase-separated blend films from poly( l -lactide) and poly(vinyl alcohol) with different PVA contents were prepared by solution-casting and subsequent melt-quenching of PLLA-rich phase, and the effects of addition of the hydrophilic water-insoluble PVA on the nonenzymatic and enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrophobic PLLa were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the synergistic effects of expandable graphite (EG) with some halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) additives in the polyolefin (PO) blends have been studied by cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and mechanical properties measurements etc.

TL;DR: In this article, a model system consisting of a polyethylene substrate surface treated by vinyltriethoxysilane and by organoboroxo-siloxane (OBSi), and an OBSi-containing intumescent flame-retarded compound (IFR-OBSI) based on polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol was prepared and investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a general solution of the closed-loop kinetic scheme for the thermal oxidation of polypropylene polymers is presented in which no assumptions are made concerning the concentration of oxygen, the kinetic chain length, the ratio of termination rate constants or the existence of a steady-state for concentration of radicals.

TL;DR: In this article, the chemical modifications of hydrophilic cassava starch to become partially hydrophobic, which was then used for blending with LDPE sheets for evaluations of mechanical, thermal and degradation properties.