Showing papers in "Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2005"

TL;DR: It is proposed that the phenomenon of hypocortisolism may occur after a prolonged period of hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis due to chronic stress as illustrated in an animal model.

TL;DR: Overall, MDD and ND individuals exhibited similar baseline and stress cortisol levels, but MDD patients had much higher cortisol levels during the recovery period than their ND counterparts, and blunted reactivity-impaired recovery pattern observed among the afternoon studies was most pronounced in studies with older and more severely depressed patients.

TL;DR: The data suggest that activation of the amygdala is mediated by a subcortical pathway, which passes through the superior colliculi and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus before accessing the amygdala, and which operates on low spatial frequency information.

TL;DR: Supporting evidence from recent studies of the reflexive startle blink, attention and working memory, which shows that low HRV predicts hypervigilance and inefficient allocation of attentional and cognitive resources, is discussed.

TL;DR: The issue of the definition of stress is revisited to highlight the difficulties with the contemporary definitions and the literature on the influence of early experiences on the endocrine stress responses and behavior in rodents, sub-human primates and humans is reviewed.

TL;DR: The results of these studies show that both bottom-up ( effects of glucocorticoids on cognitive function), and top-down (effects of cognitive processing on glucOCorticoid secretion) effects exist in the human population.

TL;DR: How continuously changing and sometimes threatening external environment may activate central pathways that stimulate the adrenals to release glucocorticoids mediate a pathogenetic role in the Metabolic Syndrome is discussed.

TL;DR: Hierarchical regression analyses show that anticipatory cognitive appraisal, in contrast to general personality factors and retrospective stress appraisal is an important determinant of the cortisol stress response, explaining up to 35% of the variance of the salivary cortisol response.

TL;DR: It is argued that cognitive phenomena characterized by perseverative cognition may be likely candidates to mediate the effects of stress sources on somatic disease, and there is a dearth of evidence supporting the role of prolonged activation.

TL;DR: It was concluded that gender roles and psychological factors are more important than biological factors for the sex differences in stress responses, and an adequate balance between catabolic and anabolic processes is considered necessary for long term health and survival.

TL;DR: The findings support a significant and independent role for maternal prenatal stress in the etiology of prematurity-related outcomes, and suggest that these effects are mediated, in part, by the maternal-placental-fetal neuroendocrine axis, and specifically by placental corticotropin-releasing hormone.

TL;DR: Stress hormones in health and illness: the roles of work and gender as mentioned in this paper, psychoneuroendocrinology. And the role of gender and gender in stress hormone in health.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis supports the idea that the timing of GC administration (before learning or before retrieval) is a major determinant of the effects of GCs on human memory.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that aging increases the cortisol response to challenge, and the effect of age on cortisol response is almost three-fold stronger in women than men.

TL;DR: The role of HPA axis dysregulation in the link between child maltreatment and MDD/PTSD among women is explored and the strongest evidence to date suggesting that the development of the HPAaxis may be affected by early life stressful experiences comes from pre-clinical animal studies.

TL;DR: It is argued that the 'roadmap' to variation generated by these multilevel models provides meaningful information about the predictive accuracy--not just statistical significance--of relationships between cortisol levels and individual-level variables, such as psychopathology, age, and gender.

TL;DR: Differences in rhythmicity found here are noteworthy given the possible role of cortisol dysregulation in disease incidence, morbidity, mortality, and severity.

TL;DR: Differences in the associations between chronic stress in early and late pregnancy and cortisol levels indicating that the response to chronic stress is dependent on the stage of the pregnancy are found.

TL;DR: Results suggest a subtle dysregulation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in breast cancer survivors with persistent fatigue, which is associated with alterations in immunological parameters and serum cortisol levels.

TL;DR: Examples of psychobiological factors that might contribute to somatoform disorders are presented and it is emphasized that somatoforms symptoms are not strictly mental events, but are associated with a diversity of biological processes.

TL;DR: Both prenatal cortisol and pregnancy anxiety were related to the children's cortisol levels as a reaction to the first school day, and the circadian rhythm of cortisol on school days appeared to have a steeper slope as compared to that of the circadian curve on a weekend day.

TL;DR: DHEA secretory activity was mapped onto this cycle by measuring both steroids in saliva samples collected at distinct time points over the diurnal cycle, synchronised to awakening and both steroids showed stability across days of sample collection.

TL;DR: It is suggested that season of sampling and gender may act as potential confounders in the cortisol-psychopathology relationship in this age group, and a wide interindividual variability in HPA-axis function is found.

TL;DR: It is suggested that high initial urinary cortisol and epinephrine levels immediately following a traumatic event may be associated with increased risk for the development of subsequent acute PTSD symptoms, especially in boys.

TL;DR: Theoretically, the findings support the integration of features of the 'tend and befriend' model with the biosocial model of status, and suggest future research directions that may lead to clarification and refinement of those ideas.

TL;DR: Low social status was associated with a larger CAR after adjusting for gender, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, smoking, time of waking, chronic illness, prescription medication, education and financial strain, and no association was found between CAR and education or financial strain.

TL;DR: Intranasal peptide administration has been shown to penetrate the central nervous system, and research must determine whether intranasally delivered OT exerts its effect(s) at a pituitary and/or brain level, and this primate model offers critical opportunities to improve understanding of the anti-stress effects of OT.

TL;DR: Cognitive appraisal and coping factors are explored as potential sources of individual differences in the neuroendocrinological stress response, and subsequently in mental health outcome.

TL;DR: Overall, people who experience failed reciprocity at work are twice as likely to suffer from incident cardiovascular disease, depression or alcohol dependence compared to those who are not exposed to the effort-reward imbalance model.

TL;DR: Increased frequency of recent cocaine and alcohol use is associated with an enhanced stress and cue-induced drug craving and arousal response that appears to be similar to the effects of cocaine, and one that may increase the vulnerability to drug-seeking behavior and relapse in drug dependent individuals.