Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2001"

TL;DR: The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000 and have led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research.

TL;DR: The detection of emotion recognition impairments in first-episode schizophrenia suggests a trait deficit, and the pattern of results is consistent with amygdala dysfunction in schizophrenia and related psychoses.

TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis using all available controlled treatment outcome studies of cognitive therapy (CT) for psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia was conducted, and the mean effect size for reduction of psychotic symptoms was 0.65.

TL;DR: Maternal exposure to infection alters pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the fetal environment, which may have a significant impact on the developing brain.

TL;DR: BDNF and NT-3 levels in post-mortem brain tissue from schizophrenic patients were determined by ELISA and lend further evidence to the neurotrophin hypothesis of schizophrenic psychoses which proposes that alterations in expression of neurotrophic factors could be responsible for neural maldevelopment and disturbed neural plasticity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that EPA may represent a new treatment approach to schizophrenia, and this requires investigation by large-scale placebo-controlled trials.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the assessment of subjective well-being under antipsychotic treatment provides an independent outcome measure which is relevant to compliance.

TL;DR: The SSPA is a reliable and useful instrument that may provide a more accurate picture of functioning than self-report measures among patients who frequently lack insight into their own behavior.

TL;DR: Deficits in information-protective mechanisms in schizophrenia may be differentially sensitive to specific stimulus characteristics; this observation may be relevant both to the neurobiology of information processing deficits in schizophrenia and to the methodologies for studying these deficits experimentally.

TL;DR: Findings in a Swedish patient sample suggest a link between substance abuse and the poorer clinical outcome frequently observed, especially in male schizophrenic patients.

TL;DR: The results indicate that language processing is less lateralized in patients than in controls, and postulate that decreased language lateralization in schizophrenia may result from failure to inhibit the right hemisphere.

TL;DR: The relationship between quality of life and symptomatology in 63 stabilized outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder is examined, suggesting that more precise analyses of general psychopathology, and anxiety in particular, may be necessary to further clarify the factors involved inquality of life in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Identifying risk factors for suicide could help clinicians to target high-risk patients and form the basis for interventions aimed at reducing suicide.

TL;DR: The study's major independent intervention variable is described, i.e. a comprehensive education and detection system to change DUP in first onset psychosis, which appears to be effective and to influence directly the community's help-seeking behaviour.

TL;DR: Significant differences are found between schizophrenics and normal controls in all ToM stories, with schizophrenic people performing worse than controls in first-order stories and among symptom dimensions.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by a widespread pathological process affecting many cerebral areas, including association cortex and thalamus, and provide much more detailed evidence regarding the anatomical sites implicated.

TL;DR: The present paper reviews the main methodological issues which have led to the current confusion about the number of dimensions underlying schizophrenic psychopathology and proposes a hierarchical approach for organizing the complex dimensional structure of schizophrenic symptoms.

TL;DR: A defect of oxidative phosphorylation in brains from patients with schizophrenia is confirmed, which may contribute to impaired energy generation.

TL;DR: Findings emphasize a pattern of left-hemisphere gray matter abnormalities, and suggest that fronto-paralimbic connectivity may be altered in men with early onset schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Despite good task performance, patients with schizophrenia showed abnormal neural network patterns of reduced left prefrontal activation and increased subcortical activation when challenged with motor response inhibition.

TL;DR: The ethical dilemmas in relation to the three key foci, which make up the early psychosis paradigm, are discussed, it is argued that the ethical issues are essentially identical to those arising in early intervention research in mainstream medicine.

TL;DR: The abnormal cytokine production in vivo, along with the low AMLR responses in vitro, and the high percentage of activated CD4+ lymphocytes presented in this study suggest alterations in the immune system of schizophrenic patients (medicated or not medicated) consistent with immune activation.

TL;DR: Hypotheses regarding psychosis as having a developmental dimension with precursors apparent in early life, as well as non-psychotic outcomes, are supported.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cannabis use can mimic attentional deficits seen in acute schizophrenia and is associated with schizotypal personality, thus setting the stage for a possible cannabinoid model of SZ.

TL;DR: Although moderate users of alcohol and drugs may have better social functioning in some areas, they also are likely to have substantial problems in interpersonal relationships, especially those involving family members.

TL;DR: A loss of mutual interdependence of memory functions in patients with acute schizophrenia is suggested, which agrees well with previous reports of working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: In patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotic agents were associated with slight differential improvements over time in attentional, verbal memory and executive functions compared with conventional neuroleptic drugs.

TL;DR: Results indicate that early intervention may improve short term but not long term outcome in schizophrenia and suggest that referral to other mental health agencies after intervention is not sufficient, as well as suggesting continuity of outpatient care may not be as important for outcome as continuity in care and caregivers.

TL;DR: The association between DUP and poor outcome may be spurious, confounded by the fact that poor premorbid functioning is independently associated with both DUP andpoor outcome, with no direct causal link between these two latter variables.

TL;DR: The negative findings for the hippocampus and temporal lobes may mean that the abnormalities in these regions are stable features of schizophrenia, or the period before the onset of frank psychotic symptoms may be the point of greatest risk for progressive change.