Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 2002"

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb and Hg can be inferred to be tracers of anthropic pollution, whereas Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V and Cd were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials.

TL;DR: The methodology, principal uncertainties and selected results from an inventory, aiming to quantify the global production and consumption of total PCBs as well as 22 PCB congeners are presented, suggest that almost 97% of the global historical use of PCBs have occurred in the Northern Hemisphere.

TL;DR: Several emerging in situ electrokinetic soil remediation technologies, such as Lasagna, Elektro-Klean, electrobioremediation, etc., are reviewed, and their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities in full-scale commercial applications are examined.

TL;DR: It is shown that the diversity of historical usage, disposal and accidental release pathways makes it an extremely difficult task to bridge the gap between consumption and emissions, resulting in an equally complex and diverse true emission pattern.

TL;DR: How the health of humans is affected by the world's soils is reviewed, an association that to date has been under appreciated and under reported and means that there is considerable scope for research in the future.

TL;DR: The nature of the risk to riverine ecosystems from artificially enhanced loads of phosphorus is examined, the key sources of phosphorus enrichment and ways of controlling them are considered, and a framework for developing control strategies is provided.

TL;DR: In this paper, a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations was obtained using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) techniques.

TL;DR: The sources of sewage water from households are still poorly understood or that known sources are underestimated, and in the case of stormwater, the estimated contributions are rather well in agreement with measured contributions, although uncertainties are large for both estimations and measurements.

TL;DR: The results suggest that current environmental levels of TBT and other metals are associated with a significant potential threat to human health for fishermen resident in coastal areas of Taiwan.

TL;DR: The magnitude of the first flush phenomenon was found to be greater for some pollutants (e.g. suspended solids from residential areas) and less for others and greater for smaller watershed areas.

TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrate the ability of Brake fern as an arsenic hyperaccumulator, which transfers arsenic rapidly from soil to aboveground biomass with only minimal arsenic concentration in the roots.

TL;DR: The sorption behaviour of atrazine, isoproturon and paraquat was dominated by the solid state soil components and the presence of dissolved organic matter had little effect, it is concluded.

TL;DR: Two sequences of the soil types, arranged separately in the concentration of total Se and water-soluble Se, are different and this demonstrates that the proportions of the two forms of selenium existing in various soils are different.

TL;DR: A study of carbon (C) storage in the 0-0.75-m profile of soils subtending various types of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed that the organic carbon content of such lands in the region reaches 33.52 Pg of C, which represents 23.44% of China's total organic soil-stored carbon and 2.5% of the global pool of soil carbon.

TL;DR: Preliminary estimates of phytoremediation potential suggest that P. calomelanos might remove approximately 2% of the soil arsenic load per year, and the option of disposing high arsenic ferns at sea is raised for discussion.

TL;DR: The effects of the two metals were synergistic to each other under field conditions, in which increasing Cd and Zn contents in soils could increase the accumulations of Zn or Cd in the two crops.

TL;DR: Whereas clofibric acid, caffeine and DEET showed to be present throughout the North Sea in concentrations of up to 1.3, 16 and 1.1 ng/L, respectively, propyphenazone could only be detected after further clean-up, and was below the detection limit in all samples.

TL;DR: At least 2.6 million small, artificial water bodies dot the landscape of the conterminous United States; most are in the eastern half of the country, and their impact on hydrology, sedimentology, geochemistry, and ecology is apparently large in proportion to their area.

TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to show the various applications of the solar photocatalysis in the field of the decontamination of wastewater, as this has been widely demonstrated in recent years.

TL;DR: The semi-empirical normalized regression equations can be used to predict the solubility of Ni and Zn and the activity of free Cu2+ as a function of pH and results resulted in significant improvements in the linear relationships between non-normalized Kd values and soil pH.

TL;DR: A preliminary study of biocide input during both normal use and foreshore hull hosing showed that hosing may be a significant point source input and also be a cause for future concern since much of this input is in the form of paint particles.

TL;DR: The distribution of HG in soil profiles suggests that migration of Hg to deeper soil layers is most effective if Hg is bound to soluble organic complexes, whereas reactive Hg or weak Hg complexes are effectively retained in the uppermost soil layer through sorption on mineral surfaces.

TL;DR: A comparison of platinum-group element (PGE) emission between gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters is reported within this work, and it is shown that, for fresh catalysts, the release of particulate PGE through car exhaust fumes does not follow any particular trend, with a wide range for the content of noble metals emitted.

TL;DR: Overall, Fe(III) gave the strongest flocculation, although Al influenced the impact of Fe( III) interactions with DOM in relation to pH and M/C ratio, and Al was the dominant metal in the precipitates, especially at lower pH levels, while the opposite trend was found at M/ C ratios above 0.06.

TL;DR: Since the release of metals from the industrial plants has been reduced, the polluted sediments stored in the industrial canals are presently the most likely source of toxic metals to the lagoon environment.

TL;DR: The combined results obtained using a wide-range airborne classifier (WRAC) collector and a PM-10 or virtual impactor show that Pt is associated with particles for a wide range of diameters, and the smaller the particle size, the lower the Pt concentration.

TL;DR: The pollution lead records of the Swedish lake sediments show a consistent picture of the atmospheric lead pollution history, which includes the Roman peak, the large and permanent Medieval increase, peaks at approximately 1200 and 1530 AD, the rapid increase after World War II, the peak in the 1970s, and the large modern decline.

TL;DR: For N, the identification of vulnerable zones represents a step forward to the management of the river basin in smaller definable units, which can provide a focus for safe management practices and is considered an urgent research priority.

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to perceive the daily, monthly and seasonal variation patterns of ozone concentrations and to obtain a regression equation linking diurnal ozone concentrations in summer with meteorological parameters.

TL;DR: Nearly two-thirds of the ammonium sulfate measured in urban areas appears to have been transported from regions outside of the study domain, rather than formed from emissions in the urban area.