Showing papers in "Space Policy in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the discussions held at the First Sustainable Space Economy Workshop held in Finland 2019, with an aim of discussing the sustainable use of space from all these perspectives, and find that two concepts, satellite sustainability footprint and orbital capacity, should be introduced at an international level.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that space governance can be understood and developed through a framework of adaptive governance (AG), which has been applied in a variety of settings including environmental governance, and identify five criteria for AG as it applies to space governance: (1) adequate information about the resource, (2) values, (3) human-environment interaction, (4) inclusive dialog between resource users, and (5) complex, redundant, and layered institutions.

TL;DR: The principle of international cooperation is among the basic principles of both general international law and space law as discussed by the authors, and the country should emphasize international cooperation in establishing a space station as a specific implementation approach and adopt a China-led cooperation model.

TL;DR: Some of the more significant legal issues that AI-driven automated processes might pose for space operations are introduced, including questions about how these interact with existing legal concepts and technical standards.

TL;DR: Carrying out EIAs for space resource extraction operations is likely to improve the outcome of these operations by reducing environmental risk, and thus reducing the potential for unexpected clean up and mitigation costs in the future, increasing investor confidence and improving chances of acceptance by the public and other stakeholders.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that defensive belligerence is the more prudent diplomatic tactic, even in case of serious technological asymmetry, even if our messages are unlikely to be heard.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify economic and technological constraints as the primary factors constraining the development of a space program and identify several macro-level challenges that need focused attention from policy makers and space programme managers for ensuring the development and sustainability of a viable space program.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how social scientists and particularly economists can significantly benefit from EO data, and conversely, how socio-economic impact studies of EO can take advantage from a specific set of economic methods.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the second-order effects of orbital debris removal and propose some solutions to mitigate the weakening of deterrence in the event that debris removal becomes a reality.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address potential clashes in the future between different bodies of law pertaining to the space sector, such as space, commercial, competition, and transnational law, notably so within the given economic context currently characterized by the increasing privatization of space services in a "congested, contested, and competitive" space market.

TL;DR: It is argued that it is time to go beyond the restrictive term of STM and adopt a new wording reflecting the reality of the field, which mostly consists of promoting standardisation and communication between stakeholders, rather than management and control per se.

TL;DR: In 2019, the Notice on the Promotion of a Systematic and Orderly Development of Commercial Carrier Rockets was issued as discussed by the authors, which represents an important moment in the development and management of the Chinese space program: on one side, it marks the first regulatory steps taken by Chinese authorities to govern the ongoing process of privatization of Chinese space activities, specifically the production and operation of private space launchers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the situations in five countries that have so far created Earth observation data regulations, namely Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a legal and political analysis of the Executive Order on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources (EIR-2020).

TL;DR: The authors argued that messages like the Golden Records have the potential to be understood as misleading and could pose an existential threat to humanity, depending on how they are interpreted by whomever might encounter them.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of various land use policies applied to the Mars case is examined and a policy option evaluation of the following land use approaches using assessment criteria based on the identified legal deficiencies is conducted.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the possible implications of four theoretical approaches to space colony governance that reflect current debates in the spaceflight community: governance by science and engineering, libertarianism, national exceptionalism, and cosmopolitanism.

TL;DR: In this paper, the United States has an advantage compared with its adversaries as it possesses a number of strong allies and partners; thus, the U.S. should maximize this advantage to improve the resilience and reconstitution of space systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the current state of the law concerning the liability of private entities for damages caused with respect to space activities, and discuss the possibility of apportioning the liability between states as the parties to these treaties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a regulatory regime and mechanism to acquire rights for the mining of celestial bodies while preserving the information and knowledge contained within these bodies as heritage for future generations of mankind and for science to capitalise on an emerging economy's momentum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the emergence and development of space science in China through four periods by examining five primary factors: the policy priority attached to space science, the organization of space sciences, planning activities and budgetary commitments, international exchanges, and the technical capabilities that underlie the program.

TL;DR: A model for determining the law applicable to in-space assembled autonomous platforms and the services they are likely to provide is built, which suggests an approach that distinguishes the service provided from the physical platform itself, which would enable States to regulate service operation.

TL;DR: The authors found that an individual's interest in space exploration is the most significant determinant of their support for a human mission to Mars; interest in turn correlates with such factors as one's gender, scientific knowledge, and religious beliefs, among other factors.

TL;DR: The Australian Space Agency (ASA) as mentioned in this paper was established by the Australian government in 2018 to provide a new beginning in the field of space exploration, which is based on the strategic geography, its location on Earth, and its small population most of whom live in a few large coastal cities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed previous research to clarify the stakeholders and their relationships in business ecosystems where satellite data and crowdsourcing are combined for new products and services, and concluded that the business ecosystems have evolved from being led by satellite data platforms to being coordinated by third parties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use social network analysis to map out the current state of the global SSA sector and discuss its potential future evolution, including the ways in which these entities engage with one another.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how space-based solar power (SBSP) development can potentially overcome the development paradox and offer an analysis of the challenges to this concept and potential approaches to resolving them.