Showing papers in "Survey of Ophthalmology in 2013"

TL;DR: Although focal laser and photodynamic therapy are the current standard of care for persistent subretinal fluid in CSC, they are not appropriate in all cases, and the optimal timing of intervention remains unclear.

TL;DR: Use of new OCT modalities, including enhanced depth imaging OCT, image averaging, and swept-source OCT, have led to increased visualization of the choroidal anatomy and the correlation of these new anatomical findings with other imaging modalities results increases understanding of many eye diseases and recognises of new ones.

TL;DR: The etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of acute and chronic systemic GVhd are reviewed, with a focus on ocular GVHD.

TL;DR: This work reviews recent studies elucidating a possible role of low-grade inflammation as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and suggests other factors such as genetics, blood flow, and excitotoxicity should be considered.

TL;DR: The need for successful collaboration between clinical expertise, computer science, and domain users to realize fully the potential benefits of mobile assistive technology for the visually impaired is highlighted.

TL;DR: A protocol to monitor IOP after IVT steroid injection/implantation is suggested that includes checking IOP within 30 minutes after injection, followed by 1 week after IVt triamcinolone and 2 weeks after implant insertion, then every 2 weeks for the first month and monthly for up to 6 months after IVCtriamcinlone and dexamethasone implantation.

TL;DR: The clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies for the retinal- and optic nerve-based paraneoplastic syndromes, including cancer-associated retinopathy, and the utility and interpretation of autoantibody testing are outlined.

TL;DR: The distinguishing features of SC and infectious multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis simulating SC are presented and it is crucial to avoid unnecessarily treating SC with antimicrobial agents.

TL;DR: A significant body of literature suggests that OPP assessment may be clinically relevant in a significant number of glaucoma patients and may provide an important tool towards a better understanding of long- and short-term IOP fluctuations during a patient's daily routine.

TL;DR: The epidemiology and pathogenesis of uveitic glaucoma and the safety and efficacy of the current medical and surgical treatment modalities are reviewed.

TL;DR: The functional outcome of proliferative vitreoretinopathy will be determined by the equilibrium established between protective and destructive repair mechanisms, which will be influenced by the location and the degree of damage to the photoreceptor cells that is induced by peri-retinal gliosis.

TL;DR: The retinal periphery is the site of pathology in several eye diseases and wide-field color photography, autofluorescence imaging, and fluorescein angiography have been used for imaging peripheral retinal disease.

TL;DR: Iron accumulation in the retina, a characteristic of aging, may be involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and zinc deficiency is associated with poor dark adaptation.

TL;DR: A review of the international literature that identifies high-risk circumstances for serious ocular trauma in children and adults that occur disproportionally commonly in childhood is reviewed.

TL;DR: Pregnancy-associated retinal diseases are conditions that may occur uniquely in pregnancy or, more commonly, general conditions that might worsen or alter during pregnancy as a result of hematologic, hormonal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunologic changes.

TL;DR: Standardization of IVCM image analysis through the use of a reading center would be crucial for any future large, multi-centre clinical trials using IVCM.

TL;DR: Results from head-down bed-rest studies and from parabolic flight experiments indicate that ocular blood flow and intraocular pressure may undergo changes in a low-gravity environment, and suggest changes in translaminar pressure may be implicated in the pathophysiology of optic disk neuropathies.

TL;DR: The clinical and histologic spectrum of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the orbit is described, including numerous histiocytes with varying degrees of giant cell formation and scattered eosinophilic granulocytes, in five cases.

TL;DR: The existing literature on utilization in high-risk populations is reviewed to provide a context for understanding what "high-risk" means, to understand the utilization patterns among high- risk populations, and to highlight barriers to appropriate eye care utilization.

TL;DR: Macular telangiectasia type 2 as mentioned in this paper is an acquired bilateral neurodegenerative macular disease that usually manifests itself during the fourth to sixth decades of life and is characterized by minimal dilatation of the parafoveal capillaries with graying of the retinal area involved, a lack of lipid exudation, right-angled retinal venules, refractile deposits in the superficial retina, hyperplasia of retinal pigment epithelium, foveal atrophy, and subretinal neovascularization (SRNV).

TL;DR: The various factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of cystic macular lesions (anatomical abnormalities, impairment of the blood-retinal barrier, tangential vitreous traction, and mutations in retinoschin, etc.) and the various treatments that have been proposed are discussed.

TL;DR: The epidemiology and genetics of the disease, its current management and prognosis, and the limitations facing both providers and patients in the developing world are highlighted.

TL;DR: Corneal pain pathways are summarized, current approaches to pain management after PRK are summarized and corneal pain pathway management is summarized.

TL;DR: Graves upper eyelid retraction (GUER) is the most common and characteristic sign of Graves orbitopathy and there is a need for quantitative studies on the effects of GUER on lid movements.

TL;DR: This work systematically review the literature relating inflammation to photoablative procedures and its wound healing consequences and offers guidelines on treatment corneal inflammation following cornea photoablated surgery.

TL;DR: The vascular supply of the retina that provides an anatomical basis for the types of TMVL is reviewed and the importance of collaterals between the external and internal carotid artery territories and related blood flow phenomena are discussed.

TL;DR: Although ODR infrequently results in significant ocular morbidity, gradual reduction in IOP might prevent this complication.

TL;DR: An otherwise healthy 62-year-old woman developed necrotizing scleritis 23 years following pterygium excision with adjunctive beta-radiation, where the occurence of SINS heralds systemic illness in 42.9% of cases.

TL;DR: A review of the past 50 years of epidemiologic research was conducted to examine the prenatal features linked with ONH and provide direction for future research: young maternal age and primiparity and the recently suggested etiologic correlates in epidemic clusters of ONH.

TL;DR: Systemic therapies for DME target the key modifiable risk factors: metabolic and blood pressure control and Fenofibrate has beneficial effects, but the mechanism for this remains unclear.