Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1991"

TL;DR: Omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and increase the time elapsed before appearance of tumors, which is essential for the normal functional development of the retina and brain, particularly in premature infants.

TL;DR: Race-specific and population-based 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI and TSF for people aged 6-74 y were generated from anthropometric data gathered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Survey 1 (NHANES I).

TL;DR: This eighth edition of exercise physiology is updated with the latest research in the field to give you easy to understand up to date coverage of how nutrition energy transfer and exercise training affect human performance.

TL;DR: In long-term trials, low-GI diets result in modest improvements in overall blood glucose control in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and the ability of low- GI diets to reduce insulin secretion and lower blood lipid concentrations in patientswith hypertriglyceridemia is of greater therapeutic importance.

TL;DR: Obesity is more dangerous than gluteal-femoral obesity because the amount of intraabdominal fat seems to determine much of the increased peril; therefore, risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes increase with abdominal obesity, even independently of total fat mass.

TL;DR: The ability of the lipid-soluble carotenoids to quench singlet molecular oxygen may explain some anticancer properties of the carOTenoids, independent of their provitamin A activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, essential antioxidants were determined in plasma of middle-aged men representing 16 European study populations, which differed sixfold in age-specific mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD).

TL;DR: The urinary excretion of lignans was low but that of the isoflavonoids was very high and correlated with soybean-product intake, suggesting that the low mortality in breast and prostate cancer of Japanese women and men may be due to the high intake of soybean products.

TL;DR: Alpha-tocopherol is an important, yet not the only parameter that determines the oxidation resistance of LDL, and by supplementating plasma with vitamin E, the alpha-tocaperol content of LDL could be increased from approximately 9 to 30 mol/mol LDL and also the oxidative resistance increased nearly linearly with increasing alpha-ocopherol content.

TL;DR: A synthetic review of studies confirms a primary correlation between REE and FFM in adults over a broad range of body weights and suggests that FFM predicts total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) equally well.

TL;DR: Research evidence suggests that an adequate intake of vitamin E and the other antioxidants can provide protection from the increasingly high free-radical concentrations caused by air pollutants and current lifestyle patterns.

TL;DR: Ascorbic acid may act as a prooxidant in vitro in the presence of metal, but this effect is unlikely to be important in vivo where metal ions are sequestered and other reductants are present.

TL;DR: Addition of calcium chloride to wheat rolls significantly reduced iron absorption, suggesting that the effect of calcium is related to the mucosal transfer of iron.

TL;DR: Epidemiologic evidence of a protective effect of vitamin C for non-hormone-dependent cancers is strong, and it is likely that ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and other factors in fruits and vegetables act jointly.

TL;DR: Both prospective and retrospective studies suggest that vegetable and fruit intake may reduce the risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynX, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, bladder, and cervix, but the epidemiologic evidence is at present less persuasive than for lung cancer.

TL;DR: Recent studies indicate that zinc is needed for cell-mediated immunity, and the high phytate content of cereal proteins is known to decrease the availability of zinc, thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in a population consuming large quantities of cerealprotein.

TL;DR: The effects of age, calcium, smoking, and physical activity on appendicular and axial bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in a 2-y study of 200-300 healthy young women aged 20-39 y.

TL;DR: It may be possible to predict the bioavailability of iron in a diet if due account is taken of the relative content in the diet of the major promoters and inhibitors of iron absorption.

TL;DR: Calories from alcohol were added to energy intake from other sources in men, and that in women, energy from alcohol intake displaced sucrose, suggesting that the consumption of candy and sugar is inversely related to alcohol intake, raising the possibility that it is related to appetite for alcohol.

TL;DR: Two hundred sixty-six free-living human volunteers, 21-64 y old, were trained by dietitians to record daily their food intake and fed diets of conventional foods adjusted in amounts to maintain their body weight for greater than or equal to 45 d.

TL;DR: Results indicate that equations in which simple anthropometric measurements are used can provide further information in the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular disease in men, but it must remember that the ability to predict the amount of deep abdominal AT from anthropometry is limited.

TL;DR: Improvements in epidemiology have resulted in glimpses into what may prove to be links between diet and disease, and on theory and on evidence linking low intake of the antioxidant nutrients with a high disease incidence.

TL;DR: There was a significantly higher tendency toward lipid peroxidation on the PUFA diet, as ascertained by more thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances formation on that diet.

TL;DR: The inhibitor appears to consist of two IGF-binding proteins induced during vitamin C deficiency and starving and may be responsible for in vivo inhibition of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis.

TL;DR: Compared with children studied early in this century, present-day Pima children are much heavier for height, suggesting that the degree of obesity has increased since that time.

TL;DR: BI at dual frequencies is valid for determination of body-water compartments and may be useful in the nutritional assessment of patients in whom body water and hydration is of clinical concern.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that colonic propionate is a gluconeogenic substrate in humans and inhibits the utilization of acetate for cholesterol synthesis.

TL;DR: Serum cholesterol concentrations of seven hypercholesterolemic subjects (greater than 7.84 mmol/L) decreased 31% during a 4-wk period in which they were given 200 mg gamma-tocotrienol/d, indicating that gamma-ptyrienol may be the most potent cholesterol inhibitor in palmvitee capsules.