Showing papers in "Traffic Injury Prevention in 2010"

TL;DR: Graduated licensing laws that include strong nighttime and passenger restrictions and laws that delay the learner's permit age and licensing age are associated with lower teenage fatal crash rates, and states that adopt such laws can expect to achieve substantial reductions in crash deaths.

TL;DR: The substantial economic and societal costs associated with these injuries and deaths reinforce the need to implement evidence-based, cost-effective strategies.

TL;DR: Jurisdictional bans have reduced handheld phone use and appear capable of maintaining reductions for the long term, however, it is unknown whether overall phone use is lower because many drivers may have switched to hands-free devices.

TL;DR: Despite some unnecessary or annoying warnings, most Volvo and Infiniti owners use crash avoidance systems most of the time, and the first requirement of effective warning systems seems largely met.

TL;DR: Most drivers reported talking on phones while driving, even though earlier surveys have found that most people think this behavior should be banned; laws banning handheld phone use seem to discourage some drivers from talking on any type of phone and motivate some drivers to talk hands-free.

TL;DR: This study showed that pedestrian crashes are 4 times more frequent in poor neighborhoods and that neither age of the population, education, English language fluency, nor population density explained the effect of poverty.

TL;DR: Although increased rates of cell phone use while driving should be leading to increased crash rates, crash rates have been declining and the reasons for this paradox are unclear.

TL;DR: The tested comprehensive training intervention has shown positive effects in improving novice drivers' abilities to anticipate, recognize, and deal with hazards in simulated driving.

TL;DR: Despite legislation being in place, drivers’ handheld cell phone use is still a major road safety concern, particularly for young and middle-aged drivers, and the effectiveness of other strategies for decreasing handheld usage rates, including increased surveillance and tougher penalties, need to be ascertained.

TL;DR: The finding that drug use is more common than alcohol use among drivers highlights the need for a unique and separate societal response to the use of drugs by drivers commensurate with the extent of safety risks posed to road users.

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the ARDES scores is provided and it is suggested that driving errors are strongly associated with general error proneness, lack of attention when performing everyday activities, and dissociative personality traits.

TL;DR: In alleviating congestion through PTWs promotion turns out to be a trade-off between congestion and safety that public officers must consider, and the negative relationship between traffic flow and injury severity of PTWs casualties is confirmed.

TL;DR: The Viet Nam Government's decision to require all motorcycle riders and passengers to wear helmets is suspected of leading to positive road safety benefits and should be seen as a policy example for other low- and middle-income countries with a high utilization of motorcycles for transport.

TL;DR: There is a need for public awareness campaigns on the safety benefits of helmets to increase its prevalence in Ghana and sustained enforcement of the road traffic law by the traffic police to ensure compliance and change in attitudes.

TL;DR: The largest difference in injury risk between 2- and 5-star rated cars in Euro NCAP was found for risk of fatality, confirming that car manufacturers have focused their safety performance on serious crash outcomes.

TL;DR: The study revealed that higher BAC levels were associated with lower performing driving behavior, and adopting a rest-time strategy to avoid post-alcohol impairment effects may not be the most appropriate solution by drivers.

TL;DR: This study analyzed the detailed information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database to contribute to understanding about the mechanisms that could be responsible for this unprecedented drop in road fatalities from 2005 to 2009.

TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that LTVs pose a greater risk of pedestrian injury death compared to conventional cars, which has important implications for the automotive industry and the safety of vulnerable road users.

TL;DR: Several demographic factors were found to be significantly associated with self-reported collision involvement and age, region, income, marital status, and number of kilometers driven in a typical week, were all significantly related to collision involvement, after adjusting for other factors.

TL;DR: EtG analysis in hair is a useful tool for assessing fitness to drive in suspected drinking drivers; compared to CDT values it provides a direct and unequivocal marker for reliable abstinence monitoring over a period of several months, depending on the length of the hair.

TL;DR: To the extent that the relative inexperience of 17-year-old drivers may negatively impact their crash rates, this effect appears to be largely blunted by New Jersey's strong GDL system.

TL;DR: The gap between existing research and the two salient problems of China's traffic was determined and pointed out directions for future research.

TL;DR: The interaction among aggressive warnings, hostile aggression, and revenge factors indicated that aggressive warnings might have a potential to release anger and escalate aggression both “within drivers” and “between drivers".

TL;DR: It is shown that being young and single, living in lower socioeconomic conditions, and suffering from poor physical health and daily stress influence risk-taking behaviors, and the enjoyment of motorcycling reinforced their decision to continue engaging in risky behaviors.

TL;DR: Different priorities, in terms of the frequency and potential degradation in crash protection due to incorrect use for different restraint types, exist and these are important for those designing countermeasures to this problem.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that pedestrians as well as drivers are making better decisions using the time left to cross the street displayed on pedestrian countdown signals at signalized intersections in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina.

TL;DR: Most teens surveyed reported having talked or read or sent a text message using a cell phone while driving, and in certain instances, cell phone nonuse was the normative behavior.

TL;DR: Seat belt use was more effective in preventing severe injury (MAIS 4+F) to far-side occupants than near- side occupants in < 25 mph delta V impacts.

TL;DR: Safer motor vehicles appear to be distributed along socioeconomic lines, with lower income groups experiencing more risk, and a previously unidentified mechanism of disparity merits further study and the attention of policy makers.

TL;DR: The results show that the baseline fatality risk of road users involved in fatal accidents decreases with accident size and increases with the vulnerability of the road user, and significant related effects on accident severity are revealed.