Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1986"

TL;DR: Using autoaggressive rat T lymphocyte lines specific for defined protein components of peripheral or central myelin to study lymphocyte migration and antigen recognition within the nervous system suggests that the nervoussystem is constantly patrolled by low numbers of activated T cells.

TL;DR: Comparisons between cat and monkey ganglion cell classes reveal several important similarities between M cells and X cells, which are very sensitive to contrast.

TL;DR: Recent developments in the pharmacology and function of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes are reviewed with particular reference to the 5-HT 3 receptor, which is widely distributed throughout the peripheral nervous system where it mediates many of the excitatory actions of 4-HT.

TL;DR: This work has shown that activation of μ- or δ-receptor types causes an increase in a potassium conductance of the neuronal membrane, and activation of receptors of the κ type has a quite different effect: it causes a reduction in a voltage-dependent calcium conductance.

TL;DR: Recent evidence is reviewed which demonstrates a broader role for NGF and for the central target in the maintenance of sensory neurons and the potential use of NGF as a pharmacological agent to ameliorate the effects of injury, and new data establishing thecentral target tissue as a source of neurotrophic support.

TL;DR: Levels of one cortical peptide, somatostatin, decline in Alzheimer's disease without a concomitant decline in GABA, with which it is co-localized suggest that some may mediate trophic, and other effects on cortical neurons.

TL;DR: The functional organization of the photoreceptor array, particularly in the house fly, Musca domestica, is now appreciated in unparalleled detail.

TL;DR: A second class of brain maps exist which are not topographically related to their corresponding sensory epithelia and are referred to as ‘centrally synthesized’ rather than ‘computational’ maps as they were named elsewhere, because the new term is more descriptive.

TL;DR: The retina is established as a model system for studying both the diverse nature of EAA receptors on different identified neurons and the unique conductance mechanisms that underlie the separation of ON and OFF channels within the OPL, and there is now strong evidence for an EAA receptor which, when activated, hyperpolarizes the cell by closing ionic channels.

TL;DR: The sodium channel is the first voltage-sensitive ionic channel whose subunit structure and partial amino acid sequence are known and a sliding helix model of voltage sensing is proposed.

TL;DR: Levels of endogenous NGF in brain are highest in those regions where the cell bodies or terminals of mag nocellular cholinergic neurons are located, indicating that their target areas synthesize NGF that is then taken up and transported retrogradely to the magnocellular perikarya.

TL;DR: Analysis of Neuropeptides by Liquid Chromotography and Mass Spectrometry in the Health and Life Sciences, Elsevier.

TL;DR: The qualitative features of the dementia of HD suggest that the caudate nucleus plays a major role in the spatial representation of information, the formation of plans of action, and the initiation of appropriate retrieval processes for searching working and long-term memory.

TL;DR: The systematic search for etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders in the western Pacific holds further promise for new avenues of investigative research in the years to come.

TL;DR: The balance between the overproduction and elimination of optic axons may ultimately determine the size of territories devoted to fibers from each eye, as well as the ratio of crossed and uncrossed retinal axons.

TL;DR: Theoretical and experimental advances in neurophysiology are beginning to identify the tuning characteristics, in space and time, of mechanisms that make it possible to do what a camera cannot: resolve form and motion simultaneously.

TL;DR: A possible solution to the problem of how the retinal ganglion cells can resolve stimuli smaller than the dendritic fields of the amacrine cells that excite them is that local regions of theAmacrine cell's d endritic tree may be capable of spatially autonomous release of neurotransmitter.

TL;DR: Animals abstract relevant information from a profusion of diverse stimuli and then organize appropriate behavioral responses, thus producing the motor program modifications which underly corrective steering responses.

TL;DR: Mammalian bombesin-like peptides share structural homology with the large family of amphibian bombes in the brain and spinal cord and the challenge will be to determine the key physiological roles of the entire family of these peptides.

TL;DR: An in-vitro model system has been devised to test the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal migration and opened new possibilities for examining the effects of neurons on astroglial differentiation and proliferation, and how these effects relate to disturbances in glial morphology and neuronal migration in mutant cerebella.

TL;DR: Albino mammals have abnormally routed axons in the optic chiasm, and studies of the causal chain of developmental events that relates this misrouting to the absence of retinal melanin have helped to define some of the developmental processes by means of which a binocular representation of the visual field is normally established in the visual cortex.

TL;DR: Observations indicate that NMDA receptors can be activated synaptically, and that their activation is modulated by a variety of physiological controls.

TL;DR: The application of dopamine to fish horizontal cells increases cyclic AMP levels and induces multiple, long lasting physiological changes in the cells.

TL;DR: The development of antibody and oligonucleotide probes will permit exploration of potential alterations of receptors, G proteins, and effectors as a source of pathological function in pseudohypoparathyroidism.

TL;DR: Recent developments in the study of one of the PGFs nerve growth factor (NGF) are reviewed, which was initially considered a specific effector molecule for two neural crest derivatives, sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

TL;DR: This work has revealed the contribution of the neural ridge and the neurogenic placodes to various cephalic structures, and have allowed their relationships with the CNS to be followed from the early stages of neurulation throughout the whole period of morphogenesis.

TL;DR: Two circuits have been traced quantitatively through these arrays from photoreceptors to alpha- and beta-ganglion cells, and a ‘rod-bipolar circuit' appears to convey the quantal signal and the pure center receptive field to the ganglion Cells in starlight.