Showing papers in "Vision Research in 1996"

TL;DR: The spatial interaction of visual attention and saccadic eye movements was investigated in a dual-task paradigm that required a target-directed saccade in combination with a letter discrimination task and the results favor a model in which a single attentional mechanism selects objects for perceptual processing and recognition, and also provides the information necessary for motor action.

TL;DR: Power spectra of an extensive set of natural images were analysed and a series of probabilistic models for power spectra enabled calculating the information obtained from prior knowledge of parameters describing spectra.

TL;DR: This work focuses on the different roles of the learning view and the testing view in the recognition experiment, and the roles of information contained in the texture and in the shape of a face.

TL;DR: It is proposed that linear pooling of the binocular responses across orientations and scales (spatial frequency) is capable of producing an unambiguous representation of disparity.

TL;DR: This new quantitative basis for near infrared imaging techniques can be applied to a wide range of imaging modalities for the study of pathophysiology and treatment in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, such as age-related macular degeneration.

TL;DR: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, found in Müller cells and in retinal pigment epithelium, may be involved in normal phagocytosis of the retinal outer segment, in infectious and ischemic processes, and in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

TL;DR: It is shown that blanking the target for 50-300 msec after a saccade restores sensitivity to the displacement, and it is interpreted with a model in which the visual system searches for the postsaccadic goal target within a restricted spatiotemporal window.

TL;DR: It was found that it was possible to interfere with boundary completion and degrade performance with masking lines placed between the inducers of a Kanizsa figure, and it was concluded that performance in the shape discrimination task depended on boundary completion.

TL;DR: An experiment to help identify the relevant higher order features of texture perceived by humans using the techniques of hierarchical cluster analysis, non-parametric multidimensional scaling (MDS), Classification and Regression Tree Analysis (CART), discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis.

TL;DR: Empirical data identifying smoking as a risk factor for the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration are consistent with this hypothesis and suggest that smokers may be at risk.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent work relevant to receptive field structure of cells of the parvocellular (PC) and (MC) magnocellular pathways in the primate.

TL;DR: It is found that learning is specific within basic visual dimensions: orientation, size and position, and suggested that the site of early perceptual learning is one of the cortical areas which receive input from primary visual cortex, V1, and where top-down attentional control is present.

TL;DR: The results of the experiment indicated that dysphoneidetic dyslexics had reduced sensitivity to low spatial frequencies at 10 Hz, whereas dyseidetic Dyslexics did not have reduced sensitivity at either 1 or 10Hz, suggesting that the type of dyslexia influences whether losses in perception are found which are consistent with a magnocellular deficit.

TL;DR: In this article, D'Zmura et al. reported qualitative differences in visual search rates for a target colour in a background of differently coloured distractors depending on their colour configuration in CIE(x, y) space.

TL;DR: A high-resolution fundus camera is constructed and cones with a spacing as small as 3.5 microns are resolved in single images of the fundus, showing the superiority of the eye's optics over the spatial sampling limits of the retina when the eyes' optical quality is optimized.

TL;DR: Sex differences in protection of the retina by MP and in the relationship between the retina, blood and diet could be a factor in the incidence of retinal diseases, especially age-related macular degeneration.

TL;DR: It is concluded that when horizontal cells hyperpolarize they feed back to the cones by shifting the cone calcium-current activation range to more negative potentials, and this type of feedback, directly targeted at the calciumCurrent scarcely influences the membrane potential of the receiving neuron, but effectively modulates its synaptic output.

TL;DR: This article examined the ocular compensation to lens-induced defocus in chick and the effect of interrupting lens wear on a daily basis, and found that even brief periods of normal vision, i.e., 3 hr, prevented the development of myopia in response to the -10 D lenses; this apparent sensitivity to normal vision is similar to that reported for form-deprivation myopia.

TL;DR: The objective was to study optical pathways through the photoreceptor layer, resulting in a model that simultaneously explains spectral, directional and bleaching properties of the fovea, and proposes that small reflections from the stack of discs in the cone outer segments are the origin of the directional component of foveal reflection.

TL;DR: The degree of selectivity or guidance underlying search was tested by having subjects search for a target among Similar and Dissimilar distractors, suggesting that simpler and less optimal strategies may undermine the more efficient guided search algorithm.

TL;DR: Long-range spatial interactions in human visual cortex were explored using a lateral masking paradigm and contrast gain appears to be set over considerable distances in a configuration-specific fashion.

TL;DR: Interactions between filters tuned to different orientations and spatial locations were investigated with a masking paradigm and mask pairs of equal phase as well as pairs of opposite phase were shown to facilitate detection.

TL;DR: Reaction time in a detection or a location discrimination task was longer when a target appeared at the same location as in the previous trial (inhibition of return; IOR), however, it became shorter when the task was color or orientation discrimination (facilitation of return: FOR).

TL;DR: The results are not much affected by the choice of noise, at least within the range of stimuli tested here, and the similarity between random-walk and random-position thresholds implies that subjects do not exploit the marked differences in speed distribution between signal and noise dots in the latter case.

TL;DR: New measurements obtained are reported with conditions chosen instead to optimize retinal image quality: paralyzed accommodation, used a 3 mm pupil, and corrected defocus and oblique astigmatism at each retinal location.

TL;DR: In four experiments, having observers judge heading in the presence of rotations consisting of mixtures of executed and simulated eye movements showed that the heading is estimated more accurately when rotational flow is created by executed eye movements alone.

TL;DR: The results suggest that current models of eccentricity scaling of contrast sensitivity be re-evaluated to take account of the extensive aliasing zone of spatial frequencies which becomes functional in peripheral vision when the retinal image is well focused.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a model consisting of three pattern-color separable mechanisms predicts detection performance nearly as well as fitting psychometric functions independently.

TL;DR: This work reinvestigated the relative contributions of temporal and spatial cues and their interactions in a texture-segmentation paradigm and indicates the existence of a flexible binding mechanism that exploits both temporal and textural cues either alone or in combination if they serve perceptual grouping but can exclude either of the two cues if they are in conflict or do not define a figure.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional eye position measurement is allowed over a range of +/- 20 deg by determining the correct projection of the eye onto the image plane of the camera, allowing eye position to be represented in appropriate head-fixed coordinates.