Showing papers in "Waste Management in 2014"

TL;DR: A critical review of 222 published LCA studies of SWMS found that there is little agreement in the conclusions among them and recommend stakeholders in solid waste management to regard LCA as a tool, which allows identifying critical problems and proposing improvement options adapted to the local specificities.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that the single pyrolysis process is an effective waste-to-energy convertor but is not a guaranteed clean solution for MSW disposal.

TL;DR: The current status of both European and Greek Legislation on waste management, with a special insight in municipal sewage sludge, is presented and pyrolysis seems to be the optimal thermochemical treatment option compared to incineration and gasification.

TL;DR: Different methanogenic communities in mesophilic and thermophilic reactors do not cause major changes in archaeal communities, and real-time PCR indicated greater diversity than ANAEROCHIP microarray.

TL;DR: Results show that malpractices exist in several aspects of the LCA with large differences across studies and detailed recommendations are provided to practitioners of waste management LCAs.

TL;DR: A critical overview of the current techniques employed for iron recovery from red mud is presented to provide an insight into the full potential usage of red mud as an economic resource rather than a waste.

TL;DR: An analytical review of existing C&D waste quantification methodologies is conducted, including site visit method, waste generation rate method, lifetime analysis method, classification system accumulation method, variables modelling method and other particular methods.

TL;DR: The main decomposition of sewage sludge during the combustion process took place in the range 180-580 °C with c.a. 70% mass loss, and the pyrolysis process occurred in lower temperature but with less mass loss.

TL;DR: A life cycle assessment is presented to compare the environmental impacts of AD with energy and organic fertiliser production against two alternative approaches: incineration with energy production by CHP and landfill with electricity production to investigate the dependency of the results on some specific assumptions and key process parameters.

TL;DR: The fact that the expanded TPB constructs significantly predicted household waste behaviours holds great promise for developing effective public campaigns and behaviour-changing interventions in a region where overall rates of household waste reduction behaviours are low.

TL;DR: An approach for improving the quality of composts through the microbial communities already present in the compost is presented, and the mechanisms and mode of action of compost microbial communities for reducing the activity of plant pathogens in agricultural crops are analyzed.

TL;DR: Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed and could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development.

TL;DR: Results emphasize the importance of convenience and existence of infrastructure necessary for source-segregation of waste as important factors for household waste recycling, but also highlight the need of addressing these aspects where waste is generated, i.e. already inside the household.

TL;DR: Food loss rates are declining with increasing sales areas, increasing numbers of purchases per year and increasing sales of the retail outlet, but explain only 33% or less of the variation of food loss rates.

TL;DR: Application of THP improves the financial and environmental performance compared with conventional AD, and producing bio-methane for grid injection is attractive financially but has the worst environmental impact of all the scenarios, suggesting that the current UK financial incentive policy for bio- methane is not driving best environmental practice.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to control and monitor the informal e-waste recycling operations in China in order to protect the environment and human health.

TL;DR: It is concluded that approximately 13.71 million tons of C&D waste was generated in 2012 in Shanghai, of which more than 80% of this C&d waste was concrete, bricks and blocks.

TL;DR: It is argued that in a PPP setup such as in Bahir Dar, a strong alliance between the municipality and private enterprise is important so that appropriate solutions for improved financial sustainability of a SWM system can be sought and implemented.

TL;DR: The pyrolysis and co-pyrolytic behaviors of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under N2 atmosphere were analyzed by Thermal gravimetric/Fourier transform infrared (TG/FTIR) to investigate the interaction of the plastic blends during the thermal decomposition process.

TL;DR: The results show that the digestion with aqua regia was efficient to characterize the metals present in the PCBs of mobile phones, and the best method to solubilize silver was by digesting the sample with nitric acid.

TL;DR: To provide a more definitive judgment on the fairness of the systems it will be necessary to assess the cost efficiency of waste management operators (and judge whether operators are claiming costs or eliciting "prices").

TL;DR: The mineral phase and chemical state analysis reveal the electrode materials recovered from -0.25 mm size fraction keep the original crystal forms and chemical states in lithium-ion batteries, but the surface of the powders has been coated by a certain kind of hydrocarbon.

TL;DR: Pilot-scale experiments were carried out to characterize the co-composting process of livestock manure with rice straw, as well as to establish a maturity evaluation index system for the composts obtained, which exhibited slightly better performance than the DM-RS according to the evolutions of temperature, OM degradation, GI and PGI.

TL;DR: The fuel properties of methyl esters produced in the biodiesel pilot plant were characterized and compared to EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards and, according to the results, ester yield values of animal fatmethyl esters were slightly lower than that of the corn oil methyl ester (COME).

TL;DR: In this paper, the main products (liquid bio-oil, solid bio-char and syngas) were obtained from pyrolysis of animal fatty wastes, and the maximum production of biooil was achieved at a pyroleysis temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C/min.

TL;DR: The results from this study illustrate the importance of considering the environmental factors' influence on volumetric gas measurement in BMP tests to achieve trustworthy and standardised results that can be used by researchers and end users from all over the world.

TL;DR: Reduced biodegradability appears to outweigh any benefit due to thermal hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic components in semi-continuously fed mesophilic reactors with trace elements supplementation, at organic loading rates of 2, 3, 4 and 6 kg volatile solids(VS)/m(3)d.

TL;DR: The lack of REE enrichment in BAs indicated that the post-incineration recovery of these resources may not be a likely option with current technology, and it is recommended to focus on limiting REE-containing products in waste for incineration and improving pre-incinership sorting initiatives for these elements.

TL;DR: Successful strategies to avoid process inhibition by citrus essential oils are based either on recovery or removal of the limonene, by extraction or fungal pre-treatment respectively.

TL;DR: Thiourea acid leaching process, performed on the solid filtrate obtained after three oxidative leaching steps, reveals a very efficient, promising and environmental friendly method for WPCBs processing.