Showing papers in "Water Research in 2006"

TL;DR: The potential eco-toxicity of nanosized titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide water suspensions was investigated using Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli as test organisms, with antibacterial activity increasing with particle concentration.

TL;DR: This study reviews the literature on UV disinfection and extracts quantitative information about the relation between the inactivation of micro-organisms and the applied UV fluence, and shows that UV is effective against all waterborne pathogens.

TL;DR: It is possible to use microalgae to produce the O(2) required by acclimatized bacteria to biodegrade hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics, and organic solvents when proper methods for algal selection and cultivation are used.

TL;DR: Results show that the non-linear method may be a better way to obtain the desired parameters of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto ground-up tree fern.

TL;DR: W Wastewater segregation and treatment at the source are to be favoured for elimination of persistent micropollutants over centralized end-of-pipe treatment.

TL;DR: The major need for research in the future will be the combination of physico-chemical/biological treatment of saline industrial effluents, with regard to the global treatment chain, in order to meet the regulations.

TL;DR: This is the first paper to report ubiquitous occurrence of crotamiton, a scabicide, in sewage and it is a promising molecular marker of sewage and secondary effluent.

TL;DR: This study is the first to demonstrate a relationship between urban and agricultural activity and microbial resistance in river sediments using quantitative molecular tools.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from aerobic and anaerobic sludge in wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: The Fenton process is an important and competitive technology for the treatment or pretreatment of landfill leachate and its initial pH, dosages, aeration, final pH, reagent addition mode, temperature and UV irradiation may influence final treatment efficiency.

TL;DR: The non-settable fraction of the sludges was found to impact fouling and to cause the difference in membrane performance between the two MBR, which point to microbiologically produced substances such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or soluble microbial products (SMP).

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of current urine treatment processes and summarises the properties of collected urine shows clearly that a wide range of technical options is available to treat collected urine effectively, but that none of these single options can accomplish all seven purposes.

TL;DR: Analysis of surface water quality data for 16 physical and chemical parameters collected from 22 monitoring stations in a river during the years from 1998 to 2001 shows that a parameter that is most important in contributing to water quality variation for one season may not be important for another season.

TL;DR: A two-stage process combined hydrogen and methane production from household solid waste was demonstrated working successfully and hydrogen production increase was reflected by acetate to butyrate ratio increase in liquid phase.

TL;DR: The TiO2/AC was shown high photoactivity for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dyestuff in aqueous solution under UV irradiation and the kinetics of photocatalytic MO dyestUFF degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law.

TL;DR: Ozone-based AOPs were found to be more energy efficient than the UV/H 2O2 process at all H2O2 levels, and the addition of H2 O2 in equimolar concentration resulted in 35% greater energy consumption over the ozone only process.

TL;DR: The overall sorption capacity decreased after acid treatment, as this decreased the extent of precipitation on calcite and dolomite, and the effect of Zn(II) ions concentration on sorption kinetics was investigated.

TL;DR: This manuscript is mainly focused on the relationships between microbial fecal indicators and the presence of pathogens, which have not previously been summarized yet and could nicely supplement with recent literature reviews on microbial source tracking.

TL;DR: The UV-A-induced photocatalytic oxidation over TiO2 suspensions was capable of decolorizing the effluent completely, as well as reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) sufficiently, and it was found that ecotoxicity was fully eliminated following photocatallytic oxidation.

TL;DR: Investigation of adsorption potential of a new sorbent manganese-oxide-coated alumina (MOCA) was investigated for defluoridation of drinking water using batch and continuous mode experiments and showed the superiority of MOCA over AA in removing fluoride from the drinking water system.

TL;DR: The difference in sludge characteristics and performance was especially pronounced as SRT increased, resulting in deterioration of sludge settleability and effluent quality of the ASP (filamentous bacteria, increase of protein and polysaccharide release).

TL;DR: It is shown that ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) can shift to nitrifier denitrification when oxygen is depleted in the environments including in the WWTPs, nitrite then plays the role of oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

TL;DR: Chemometric analysis confirmed the classification of water purity of the Brda river made by the Inspection of Environmental Protection but the results showed more differentiation between monitored locations, which enables better evaluation of the water quality in a monitored region.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large number of substrates potential for removal of phosphorus (P) in wastewater has been reviewed, consisting of natural materials, industrial by-products and man-made products.

TL;DR: The sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with necessary time of 24 h to reach equilibrium, and the desorbed amount of cobalt decreased continuously with increasing pH, and increased with increasing Ca(2+) concentration in leaching solution.

TL;DR: A critical evaluation of all candidate reduction technologies indicates that sludge reduction through treatment process changes appears more appealing than post-treatment alternatives, and it is unlikely to be economically feasible at this time.

TL;DR: The MBR showed significant better removals compared to AST for the investigated poorly biodegradable P(3), such as diclofenac, mecoprop and sulfophenylcarboxylates, suggesting an application of such an in terms of sludge retention time optimised MBR may lead to a reduction of these P( 3) in the watercycle.

TL;DR: In this review, the major processes known to determine the underground transport of E. coli (attachment, straining and inactivation) are evaluated and sticking efficiencies determined from field experiments were lower than those determined under laboratory conditions.

TL;DR: The disinfection process using TiO2 kept treated water free of coliforms at least for seven days after sun irradiation, opening the possibility of application of this simple method in rural areas of developing countries.

TL;DR: Results from this study indicate that the use of EAF steel slag in constructed wetlands or filter beds is a promising solution for P removal via adsorption and precipitation mechanisms.