Journal ArticleDOI
A consumer's guide to subgroup analyses.
Andrew D Oxman,Gordon H. Guyatt +1 more
TLDR
Guidelines are provided in this paper that will assist clinicians in making decisions regarding whether to base a treatment decision on overall results or on the results of a subgroup analysis.Abstract:
The extent to which a clinician should believe and act on the results of subgroup analyses of data from randomized trials or meta-analyses is controversial. Guidelines are provided in this paper for making these decisions. The strength of inference regarding a proposed difference in treatment effect among subgroups is dependent on the magnitude of the difference, the statistical significance of the difference, whether the hypothesis preceded or followed the analysis, whether the subgroup analysis was one of a small number of hypotheses tested, whether the difference was suggested by comparisons within or between studies, the consistency of the difference, and the existence of indirect evidence that supports the difference. Application of these guidelines will assist clinicians in making decisions regarding whether to base a treatment decision on overall results or on the results of a subgroup analysis.read more
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Book
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Julian P T Higgins,Sally Green +1 more
TL;DR: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
David Moher,Sally Hopewell,Kenneth F. Schulz,Victor M. Montori,Peter C Gøtzsche,Philip J. Devereaux,Diana Elbourne,Matthias Egger,Douglas G. Altman +8 more
TL;DR: This update of the CONSORT statement improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition, such as selective outcome reporting bias.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008.
R. Phillip Dellinger,Mitchell M. Levy,J. Carlet,Julian Bion,Margaret M. Parker,Roman Jaeschke,Konrad Reinhart,Derek C. Angus,Christian Brun-Buisson,Richard Beale,Thierry Calandra,JF Dhainaut,Herwig Gerlach,Maurene A. Harvey,John J. Marini,John C. Marshall,Marco Ranieri,Graham Ramsay,Jonathan E. Sevransky,B. Taylor Thompson,Sean R. Townsend,Jeffrey S. Vender,Janice L. Zimmerman,Jean Louis Vincent +23 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an update to the original Surviving Sepsis Campaign clinical management guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, published in 2004.
Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008
TL;DR: To provide an update to the original Surviving Sepsis Campaign clinical management guidelines, the GRADE system was used to guide assessment of quality of evidence from high (A) to very low (D) and to determine the strength of recommendations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Douglas G. Altman,Kenneth F. Schulz,David Moher,Matthias Egger,Frank Davidoff,Diana Elbourne,Peter C Gøtzsche,Tom Lang +7 more
TL;DR: The Consort Statement as mentioned in this paper is a group of scientists and editors developed to improve the quality of reporting of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) by providing guidance to authors about how to improve their reporting of their trials.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials
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Journal ArticleDOI
A method for assessing the quality of a randomized control trial.
Thomas C. Chalmers,Harry Smith,Bradley Blackburn,Bernard Silverman,Biruta Schroeder,Dinah Reitman,Alexander Ambroz +6 more
TL;DR: A reasonable standard design and conduct of trials will facilitate the interpretation of those with conflicting results and help in making valid combinations of undersized trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials?
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials. A survey of three medical journals.
TL;DR: Overall, the reporting of clinical trials appears to be biased toward an exaggeration of treatment differences, and more emphasis should be given to the magnitude of treatment Differences and to estimation methods such as confidence intervals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial of digoxin versus placebo.
D C Lee,Robert Arnold Johnson,J B Bingham,M Leahy,Robert E. Dinsmore,Allan H. Goroll,J B Newell,H W Strauss,Edgar Haber +8 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that long-term digoxin therapy is clinically beneficial in patients with heart failure unaccompanied by atrial fibrillation whose failure persists despite diuretic treatment and who have a third heart sound.