Journal ArticleDOI
A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide
TLDR
In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.Abstract:
There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.read more
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Grooming and removal behaviour of Apis mellifera intermissa in Tunisia against Varroa jacobsoni
O Boecking,W Ritter +1 more
TL;DR: Both grooming and removal activities of A. m.
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Fitness of Cry1A-Resistant and -Susceptible Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Transgenic Cotton with Reduced Levels of Cry1Ac
Lisa J. Bird,Raymond J. Akhurst +1 more
TL;DR: Results show recessive fitness costs are associated with resistance to Cry1Ac, and development was slower for resistant larvae than for susceptible and F1 larvae on non-Bt cotton, than on conventional plants and transgenic plants that produced the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin.
Journal ArticleDOI
The essential oil from Zanthoxylum monophyllum a potential mosquito larvicide with low toxicity to the non-target fish Gambusia affinis.
TL;DR: The mosquito larvicidal activity of Zanthoxylum monophyllum leaf essential oil and its major chemical constituents was tested against the three mosquito vectors Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Germacrene D-4-ol showed a significantly higher efficacy compared to α-Cadinol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-dengue efficacy of bioactive andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Lamiales: Acanthaceae) against the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Edward-Sam Edwin,Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Annamalai Thanigaivel,Athirstam Ponsankar,Venkatraman Pradeepa,Selvaraj Selin-Rani,Kandaswamy Kalaivani,Wayne B. Hunter,Ahmed Abdel-Megeed,Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan,Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi +11 more
TL;DR: The present study established that bioactive andrographolide served as a potential useful for dengue vector management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Confidence Intervals for the Abbott’s Formula Correction of Bioassay Data for Control Response
Jay A. Rosenheim,Marjorie A. Hoy +1 more
TL;DR: The analysis suggests two implications for bioassay experimental design and evaluation: first, the optimal allocation of bioASSay replications to control and experimental treatments generally occurs when the number of experimental replications is equal to or slightly greater than the numberof control replications, and second, bioassays data should be corrected for control mortality more frequently than is currently recommended.