Journal ArticleDOI
A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide
TLDR
In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.Abstract:
There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sucrose Improves Insecticide Activity Against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
Richard S. Cowles,Cesar Rodriguez-Saona,Robert Holdcraft,Gregory M. Loeb,Johanna E. Elsensohn,Steven P. Hesler +5 more
TL;DR: The addition of sucrose to insecticides targeting spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), enhanced lethality in laboratory, semifield, and field tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci from Cyprus
Vassilis A. Vassiliou,Maria Emmanouilidou,Andreas Perrakis,Evangelia Morou,John Vontas,Anastasia Tsagkarakou,Emmanouil Roditakis +6 more
TL;DR: Low to extremely high resistance was observed for insecticide bifenthrin which was associated with the frequency of the resistant allele in the sodium channel gene but not with the activity of the detoxification enzymes, and the F331W mutation in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme ace1 gene was fixed in all B. tabaci populations from Cyprus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosquito larvicidal activity of seaweeds extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus
TL;DR: The objective is to identify the larvicidal activity of the seaweed extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan.
TL;DR: The most probable reason for low toxicity of organophosphates and pyrethroids is the evolution of multiple resistance mechanisms; however, further studies are required to establish these mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect Benin, West Africa
Nazaire Aïzoun,Rock Aïkpon,Gil Germain Padonou,Olivier Oussou,Frédéric Oké-Agbo,Virgile Gnanguenon,Razaki Ossè,Martin Akogbeto +7 more
TL;DR: Synergists partially restored susceptibility to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides and might help mitigate the impact of vector resistance in Anopheles gambiae Agbalilame, Kandi and Tanguieta populations.