Journal ArticleDOI
A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide
TLDR
In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.Abstract:
There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.read more
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Toxicity of vapours of three essential oils to the immature stages of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
TL;DR: Fumigant toxicity of the essential oils from Lavandula hybrida, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus against the larvae and pupae of Acanthoscelides obtectus was assessed and appeared progressively more tolerant to the essential oil vapours as they grew older, but were more susceptible than pupae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of the high-dose concept and level of control provided by MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil.
Oderlei Bernardi,Glaucia Sossai Malvestiti,Patrick M Dourado,Wladecir Salles de Oliveira,Samuel Martinelli,Geraldo Ubrajara Berger,Graham P. Head,Celso Omoto +7 more
TL;DR: The MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean provides a high level of control against A. gemmatalis and P. includens, and in leaf-disc bioassays and under conditions of high artificial infestation in the greenhouse and natural infested in the field, it showed a highlevel of efficacy against both target pests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insecticidal activity of garlic essential oil and their constituents against the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Angelica Plata-Rueda,Luis Carlos Martínez,Marcelo Henrique dos Santos,Flávio Lemes Fernandes,Carlos Frederico Wilcken,Marcus Alvarenga Soares,José Eduardo Serrão,José Cola Zanuncio +7 more
TL;DR: Garlic essential oil and their compounds caused lethal and sublethal effects on T. molitor and, therefore, have the potential for pest control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ryanodine receptor point mutations confer diamide insecticide resistance in tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).
Emmanouil Roditakis,Denise Steinbach,Gerald Moritz,Emmanouil Vasakis,Marianna Stavrakaki,Aris Ilias,Lidia García-Vidal,María del Rosario Martínez-Aguirre,Pablo Bielza,Evangelia Morou,Jefferson E. Silva,Wellington M. Silva,Ηerbert A.A. Siqueira,Sofia Iqbal,Bartlomiej J. Troczka,Martin S. Williamson,Chris Bass,Anastasia Tsagkarakou,John Vontas,Ralf Nauen +19 more
TL;DR: The discovery of diamide resistance mutations in T. absoluta populations of diverse geographic origin has serious implications for the efficacy of diamides under applied conditions, and the implementation of appropriate resistance management strategies is strongly advised to delay the further spread of resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlling Ticks and Tick-borne Zoonoses with Biological and Chemical Agents
TL;DR: Both host-targeted chemical control and biocontrol of ticks show much promise, and would benefit from further research.