Journal ArticleDOI
A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide
TLDR
In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.Abstract:
There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.read more
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The distribution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Cameroon: an update
Hamadou N.M. Ndjemaï,Salomon Patchoke,Jean Atangana,Josiane Etang,Frédéric Simard,Charles Félix Bilong Bilong,Lisa J. Reimer,Anthony J. Cornel,Gregory C. Lanzaro,Etienne Fondjo +9 more
TL;DR: Results indicated a higher level of resistance (reduced mortality and knockdown effect) to DDT and pyrethroids in populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l.s. arabiensis and Carbamate and organophosphorous compounds could thus be used as alternatives in locations in Cameroon where pyrethroid-resistant populations are found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenicity of conidia-based preparations of entomopathogenic fungi against the greenhouse pest aphids Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
TL;DR: Tests showed that adult aphids are more susceptible than nymphs to fungal infection but confirmed that infection has a limited pre-mortem effect on aphid reproduction, and the potential of fungal pathogens as aphid-control agents is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constraints on adaptive mutations in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.): measuring fitness trade-offs and natural selection
TL;DR: The estimation of the magnitude of the fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance in C. pomonella suggests that resistance management strategies exclusively based on insecticide alternations would be unlikely to delay such a selection process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanopesticidal effects of Pongamia pinnata leaf extract coated zinc oxide nanoparticle against the Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
TL;DR: In this article, the green synthesis and biological evaluation of Pongamia pinnata leaf extract coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pp-ZnO NPs) on the pulse beetle, C. maculatus was reported.
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Survey of insecticide resistance in Mexican populations of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae)
TL;DR: It is concluded that insecticide resistance in S. zeamais in Mexico is important, and may become a more serious problem in the future.