Q2. What is the main source of ageing on graphite electrodes?
loss of available Lithium due to side reactions at the graphite negative electrode have been reported as the main source of ageing during storage periods [24].
Q3. What is the meaning of the term SOC?
By de nition, the SOC represents the ions proportion present on electrodes, which implies, for high SOC, a huge potential disequilibrium on the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Q4. What are the main consequences of an aged positive electrode?
To sum up, the principal consequences observed on an aged positive electrode are : wear of active mass, electrolyte degradation, electrolyte oxidation and formation of a SEI, interaction of positive electrode element dissolved within the electrolyte at the negative electrode [35, 41, 42].
Q5. What are the main effects of battery ageing?
The (secondary) loss of electrode active materials, possibly a material dissolution, structural degradation, particle isolation, and electrode delamination [45].•
Q6. What is the reason why EV sales are increasing?
Supposed evolution of EV sales is the result of petroleum prices increasing and is highly sensitive to the battery development [6].
Q7. What is the main cause of the loss of cyclable lithium?
Loss of cyclable lithium is related to side reactions which can occur at both electrodes, as the SEI grows at carbon anode due to electrolyte decomposition [44].•
Q8. What is the main ageing factor on graphite electrode?
The main ageing factor on graphite electrode is the development with the time on the electrolyte/electrode interface of a solid interface named Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) [18].
Q9. What is the main reason why lithium-ion batteries are becoming so popular?
Lithium-ion batteries penetrated the market of hybrid and electrical vehicles thanks to the high Lithium's density, the weak weight of the Lithium batteries making them the most promising candidate for this eld of applications [3].
Q10. What is the effect of the SEI on the positive electrode?
There is also a SEI creation on the positive electrode/electrolyte interface, that is more di cult to detect [38, 39], due to high voltages on this electrode [40].
Q11. What is the effect of high temperatures on the negative electrode?
under high temperatures, the SEI may dissolve and create Lithium salts less permeable to the Lithium ions and therefore increase the negative electrode impedance [31].
Q12. What is the common explanation for the ageing of a battery?
In most cases, a battery in use is prone to exothermic e ects [60, 61] and those reactions can be facilitated under high temperatures and provoke battery ageing.
Q13. What are the main reasons why lithium-ion batteries are being commercialized?
Lithium-ion batteries have been commercialized since 1991, initially concerning mobile devices such as cell phones and laptops [1].
Q14. What is the role of the current peak in battery ageing?
Previously presented factors in uencing battery ageing interact to generate both capacity loss, resistance augmentation and loss of available peak power [67, 68].
Q15. What is the effect of a high SOC on the electrolyte?
A high SOC (State Of Charge >80%) should provoke an acceleration of these phenomena as the potential di erence between electrodes interfaces and electrolyte is important [29].
Q16. What are the main conditions for the storage of lithium batteries?
Low temperatures enable to limit the development of these phenomena but these conditions engender some problems due to the loss of material di usion and alter the battery chemistry [56].
Q17. How much is the EOL of a lithium battery?
To illustrate this, Asakura et al. [65] show that a battery life halved for an 0.1V augmentation of the charging voltage, the EOL is considered here as 70% of initial capacity.
Q18. What is the meaning of cycle ageing?
On the contrary, cycle ageing is associated with the impact of battery utilization periods named cycles (both charge or discharge).