Journal ArticleDOI
A survey of ionospheric effects on space-based radar
Zheng-Wen Xu,Jian Wu,Zhensen Wu +2 more
TLDR
In this paper, a survey of the potential ionospheric effects on the performance of space-based radar systems (SBRs) operating in the ambient ionosphere environment is presented.Abstract:
In this survey, we fully review almost all potential ionospheric effects on the performance of space-based radar systems (SBRs), which operate in the ambient ionosphere environment; in particular, we review the use of space-based synthetic aperture radar systems (SARs) for imaging. There are two families of effects involved. One is the effects of the background ionosphere (non-turbulent ionosphere), such as dispersion, group delay, refraction, Faraday rotation, and phase shift. The other is the effects due to ionospheric irregularities, such as refractive index fluctuation, phase perturbation, angle-of-arrival fluctuation, pulse broadening, clutter, and amplitude scintillation. These effects adversely affect SAR imaging in several respects, such as by causing image shift in the range, and degradations of the range resolution, azimuthal resolution, and/or the resolution in height (elevation). We also review ionospheric irregularity characteristics and descriptions, propagation channel statistics, ...read more
Citations
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Estimation and Compensation of Ionospheric Propagation Delay in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Signals
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed methods to estimate and compensate ionospheric propagation delays in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals, which are disturbed by the propagation velocity changes of microwaves that are caused by the high density of free electrons in the ionosphere.
UNA REVISION DE LA POLARIMETRIA Y LOS EFECTOS IONOSFERICOS SOBRE LOS SISTEMAS SAR, INSAR y PALSAR: REQUERIMIENTOS Y METODOS DE CORRECCION REVIEW OF POLARIMETRIC AND IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON SAR, INSAR AND PALSAR SYSTEMS: REQUIREMENTS AND CORRECTION METHODS
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an update of the polarimetric tools currently used for optimal extraction of information from PALSAR imagery, and propose a combined estimator that reliably estimates TEC differentials.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Scintillation Effects in the Ionosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, statistical characteristics of scattered ordinary and extraordinary electromagnetic waves in the turbulent collision magnetized plasma caused by electron density fluctuations are calculated using modify smooth perturbation method taking into account both diffraction effects and polarization coefficients.
Book ChapterDOI
A Bi/Multi-Static Microsatellite SAR Constellation
TL;DR: In this article, the use of constellations does increase the probability of achieving useful images within short timescales over most regions, there are still areas, such as the tropics, that have significant cloud cover, or extreme latitudes, which can have low light levels, where the all weather, day/night imaging capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) would be beneficial.
Book ChapterDOI
Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Variant Atmospheric Effects on GEO SAR
TL;DR: In this article, the two-dimensional spectrum of GEO SAR signal in the context of temporal-spatial variant troposphere and background ionosphere is derived, and then the two dimensional image shift and defocusing are investigated.
References
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Probability, random variables and stochastic processes
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the concept of a Random Variable, the meaning of Probability, and the axioms of probability in terms of Markov Chains and Queueing Theory.
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Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the meaning of probability and random variables are discussed, as well as the axioms of probability, and the concept of a random variable and repeated trials are discussed.
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TL;DR: This IEEE Classic Reissue presents a unified introduction to the fundamental theories and applications of wave propagation and scattering in random media and is expressly designed for engineers and scientists who have an interest in optical, microwave, or acoustic wave propagate and scattering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry
Paul A. Rosen,S. Hensley,Ian Joughin,F.K. Li,Soren N. Madsen,Ernesto Rodriguez,Richard M. Goldstein +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the techniques of interferometry, systems and limitations, and applications in a rapidly growing area of science and engineering, including cartography, geodesy, land cover characterization, and natural hazards.
Book ChapterDOI
The m-Distribution—A General Formula of Intensity Distribution of Rapid Fading
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the principal results of a series of statistical studies in the last seven years on the intensity distributions due to rapid fading, and presented an extremely simplified method for estimating the improvement available from various systems of diversity reception.
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