Journal ArticleDOI
Acupuncture mechanisms for clinically relevant long-term effects--reconsideration and a hypothesis
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TLDR
It is drawn that clinically relevant long-term pain relieving effects of acupuncture (>6 months) can be seen in a proportion of patients with nociceptive pain and the mechanisms behind such effects are considered in this paper.Abstract:
From the author's direct involvement in clinical research, the conclusion has been drawn that clinically relevant long-term pain relieving effects of acupuncture (>6 months) can be seen in a proportion of patients with nociceptive pain. The mechanisms behind such effects are considered in this paper. From the existing experimental data some important conclusions can be drawn: 1. Much of the animal research only represents short-term hypoalgesia probably induced by the mechanisms behind stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and the activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). 2. Almost all experimental acupuncture research has been performed with electro-acupuncture (EA) even though therapeutic acupuncture is mostly gentle manual acupuncture (MA). 3. Most of the experimental human acupuncture pain threshold (PT) research shows only fast and very short-term hypoalgesia, and, importantly, PT elevation in humans does not predict the clinical outcome. 4. The effects of acupuncture may be divided into two main components--acupuncture analgesia and therapeutic acupuncture. A hypothesis on the mechanisms of therapeutic acupuncture will include: 1. Peripheral events that might improve tissue healing and give rise to local pain relief through axon reflexes, the release of neuropeptides with trophic effects, dichotomising nerve fibres and local endorphins. 2. Spinal mechanisms, for example, gate-control, long-term depression, propriospinal inhibition and the balance between long-term depression and long-term potentiation. 3. Supraspinal mechanisms through the descending pain inhibitory system, DNIC, the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA-axis. Is oxytocin also involved in the long-term effects? 4. Cortical, psychological, "placebo" mechanisms from counselling, reassurance and anxiety reduction.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Kininogen–Nitric Oxide Signaling at Nearby Nonexcited Acupoints after Long-Term Stimulation
Ting Wang,Geng Zhu,Geng Zhu,Liyue Qin,Qian Wang,Chen She,Dong-Sheng Xu,Weiwei Hu,Kenghuo Luo,Ying Lei,Yanling Gong,Arijit Ghosh,Dongni Ma,Chun-Lei Ding,Bu-Yi Wang,Yang Guo,Shou-Shan Ma,Michihiro Hattori,Yutaka Takagi,Katsutoshi Ara,Kazuhiko Higuchi,Xingwang Li,Lin He,Wan-Zhu Bai,Koichi Ishida,Sheng-Tian Li +25 more
TL;DR: It is found that kininogen expression was significantly upregulated in the stimulated and the nonstimulated adjacent acupoints along the same meridian, and this finding suggests the critical role of the kin inogen–nitric oxide signaling pathway in ac upoint activation.
Journal Article
Puncture methods of physiotherapy And their scientific RATIONALE. ПУНКТУРНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ФИЗИОТЕРАПИИ И ИХ НАУЧНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ
TL;DR: The physiological mechanisms of acupuncture and a theory of electromagnetic homeostasis or "ecoceptive" system, maintaining the optimum electromagnetic parameters of the constituent elements of a living organism, creates a distinct advantage for their survival by adapting to changes in the physical characteristics of the environment and the maintenance of electromagneticHomeostasis.
Dissertation
Wirkung von Akupunktur bei chronischen Schmerzpatienten mit langfristiger Opioid-Einnahme
TL;DR: An 16 chronischen Schmerzpatienten mit mindestens 6monatiger Opioid-Langzeittherapie wurde in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie die Wirksamkeit von klassischer Akupunktur unter praxisnahen Bedingungen untersucht.
Journal ArticleDOI
Search for the clinical effectiveness of Korean Tae-Geuk acupuncture therapy in chronic tension-type headache
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of Korean Tae-Geuk acupuncture on chronic tension-type headache (TTH) were examined in patients with chronic TTH, where seven treatment sessions were applied over a four-week period.
References
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Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue
TL;DR: Tritiated naloxone, a powerful opiate antagonist, specifically binds to an opiate receptor of mammalian brain and guinea pig intestine that closely parallels their pharmacological potency.
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