Journal ArticleDOI
Aircraft instrument for simultaneous, in situ measurement of NO3 and N2O5 via pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy
William P. Dubé,Steven S. Brown,Hans D. Osthoff,Maya R. Nunley,S. J. Ciciora,Mark W. Paris,R. J. McLaughlin,A. R. Ravishankara +7 more
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The cavity ring-down spectrometer (CaRDS) was designed and constructed for installation on the NOAA WP-3D Orion (P-3) aircraft for sensitive, rapid in situ measurement of NO3 and N2O5.Abstract:
This article describes a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CaRDS) specifically designed and constructed for installation on the NOAA WP-3D Orion (P-3) aircraft for sensitive, rapid in situ measurement of NO3 and N2O5. While similar to our previously described CaRDS instrument, this instrument has significant improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio, the time resolution, and in overall size and weight. Additionally, the instrument utilizes a custom-built, automated filter changer that was designed and constructed to meet the requirement for removal of particulate matter in the airflow while allowing fully autonomous instrument operation. The CaRDS instrument has a laboratory detection sensitivity of 4×10−11cm−1 in absorbance or 0.1pptv (pptv denotes parts per trillion volume) of NO3 in a 1s average, although the typical detection sensitivities encountered in the field were 0.5pptv for NO3 and 1pptv for N2O5. The instrument accuracy is 25% for NO3 and 20%–40% for N2O5, limited mainly by the uncertainty in the...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer
Hans D. Osthoff,Hans D. Osthoff,Hans D. Osthoff,James M. Roberts,A. R. Ravishankara,A. R. Ravishankara,Eric J. Williams,Eric J. Williams,Brian M. Lerner,Brian M. Lerner,Roberto Sommariva,Roberto Sommariva,Timothy S. Bates,Derek J. Coffman,Patricia K. Quinn,Jack E. Dibb,Harald Stark,Harald Stark,James B. Burkholder,Ranajit K. Talukdar,Ranajit K. Talukdar,J. F. Meagher,Fred C. Fehsenfeld,Fred C. Fehsenfeld,Steven S. Brown +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, Nitryl chloride, an active halogen, can be produced through the night-time reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with chloride-containing aerosol in the polluted marine boundary, and has been measured at levels that are sufficient to affect the photochemistry of oxidants off the southwestern US coast.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nighttime radical observations and chemistry
Steven S. Brown,Jochen Stutz +1 more
TL;DR: The essential features of this atmospheric chemistry are reviewed, along with field observations of NO(3), N(2)O(5), nighttime peroxy and OH radicals, and related compounds, spanning more than three decades are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol
Nga L. Ng,Steven S. Brown,Steven S. Brown,Alexander T. Archibald,Elliot Atlas,Ronald C. Cohen,John Crowley,Douglas A. Day,Douglas A. Day,Neil M. Donahue,Juliane L. Fry,Hendrik Fuchs,Robert J. Griffin,Marcelo I. Guzman,Hartmut Herrmann,Alma Hodzic,Yoshiteru Iinuma,Jose L. Jimenez,Jose L. Jimenez,Astrid Kiendler-Scharr,Ben H. Lee,Deborah Luecken,Jingqiu Mao,Jingqiu Mao,Jingqiu Mao,Robert McLaren,Anke Mutzel,Hans D. Osthoff,Bin Ouyang,Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault,Ulrich Platt,Havala O. T. Pye,Yinon Rudich,Rebecca H. Schwantes,Manabu Shiraiwa,Jochen Stutz,Joel A. Thornton,Andreas Tilgner,Brent J. Williams,Rahul A. Zaveri +39 more
TL;DR: Impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate are outlined, and critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols and their changes by chemical processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin
Peter Edwards,Steven S. Brown,James M. Roberts,Ravan Ahmadov,Robert M. Banta,J. Degouw,J. Degouw,William P. Dubé,William P. Dubé,R. A. Field,James Flynn,Jessica B. Gilman,Jessica B. Gilman,Martin Graus,Martin Graus,Martin Graus,Detlev Helmig,Abigail R. Koss,Abigail R. Koss,Andrew O. Langford,Barry Lefer,Brian M. Lerner,Brian M. Lerner,R. Li,R. Li,Shao-Meng Li,Stuart A. McKeen,Stuart A. McKeen,Shane M. Murphy,D. D. Parrish,Christoph J. Senff,Christoph J. Senff,J. Soltis,Jochen Stutz,Colm Sweeney,Colm Sweeney,Chelsea R. Thompson,Michael Trainer,Catalina Tsai,Patrick R. Veres,Patrick R. Veres,Rebecca A. Washenfelder,Rebecca A. Washenfelder,Carsten Warneke,Carsten Warneke,Robert Wild,Robert Wild,Cora J. Young,Bin Yuan,Bin Yuan,Robert J. Zamora +50 more
TL;DR: It is found that ozone production occurs at lower NOx and much larger VOC concentrations than does its summertime urban counterpart, leading to carbonyl (oxygenated VOCs with a C = O moiety) photolysis as a dominant oxidant source.
References
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Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies: Evaluation Number 18
James B. Burkholder,Stanley P. Sander,Jonathan P. D. Abbatt,John R. Barker,Robert E. Huie,Charles E. Kolb,M. J. Kurylo,Vladimir L. Orkin,David M. Wilmouth,Paul H. Wine +9 more
TL;DR: This is the eighteenth in a series of evaluated sets of rate constants, photochemical cross sections, heterogeneous parameters, and thermochemical parameters compiled by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cavity ring‐down optical spectrometer for absorption measurements using pulsed laser sources
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have developed a technique which allows optical absorption measurements to be made using a pulsed light source and offers a sensitivity significantly greater than that attained using stabilized continuous light sources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Experimental schemes and applications
TL;DR: Cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy as mentioned in this paper is a direct absorption technique, which can be performed with pulsed or continuous light sources and has a significantly higher sensitivity than obtainable in conventional absorption Spectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace-gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)
Peter Werle,R. Mücke,F. Slemr +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of the Allan variance is utilized to analyze the stability of an existing frequency-modulated (FM) TDLAS instrument leading to a detection limit for NO2 of 34 pptv at 6 Hz detection bandwidth.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrate radical: Physics, chemistry, and the atmosphere
Richard P. Wayne,Ian Barnes,P. Biggs,John P. Burrows,Carlos E. Canosa-Mas,Jens Hjorth,G. Le Bras,Geert K. Moortgat,Dieter Perner,G. Poulet,G Restelli,Howard Sidebottom +11 more
TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in the field of chemistry of the NO 3 radical is presented in this paper, with a focus on the relationship between the laboratory and the atmospheric studies.