Journal ArticleDOI
Alginate in drug delivery systems.
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TLDR
The present use and future possibilities of alginate as a tool in drug formulation are discussed, with the potential use of the various qualities as pharmaceutical excipients likely to make an important contribution in the development of polymeric delivery systems.Abstract:
Alginates are established among the most versatile biopolymers, used in a wide range of applications. The conventional use of alginate as an excipient in drug products generally depends on the thickening, gel-forming, and stabilizing properties. A need for prolonged and better control of drug administration has increased the demand for tailor-made polymers. Hydrocolloids like alginate can play a significant role in the design of a controlled-release product. At low pH hydration of alginic acid leads to the formation of a high-viscosity "acid gel." Alginate is also easily gelled in the presence of a divalent cation as the calcium ion. Dried sodium alginate beads reswell, creating a diffusion barrier decreasing the migration of small molecules (e.g., drugs). The ability of alginate to form two types of gel dependent on pH, i.e., an acid gel and an ionotropic gel, gives the polymer unique properties compared to neutral macromolecules. The molecule can be tailor-made for a number of applications. So far more than 200 different alginate grades and a number of alginate salts are manufactured. The potential use of the various qualities as pharmaceutical excipients has not been evaluated fully, but alginate is likely to make an important contribution in the development of polymeric delivery systems. This natural polymer is adopted by Ph.Eur. It can be obtained in an ultrapure form suitable for implants. This review discusses the present use and future possibilities of alginate as a tool in drug formulation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Alginate: properties and biomedical applications
Kuen Yong Lee,David J. Mooney +1 more
TL;DR: This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.
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Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
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Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology.
Kim E. Sapsford,W. Russ Algar,Lorenzo Berti,Kelly Boeneman Gemmill,Brendan J. Casey,Eunkeu Oh,Michael H. Stewart,Igor L. Medintz +7 more
TL;DR: Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology Kim E. Sapsford,† W. Russ Algar, Lorenzo Berti, Kelly Boeneman Gemmill,‡ Brendan J. Casey,† Eunkeu Oh, Michael H. Stewart, and Igor L. Medintz .
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Hydrogels for protein delivery.
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Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations.
TL;DR: A selection of the most important polysaccharides, usually non-toxic, biocompatible and show a number of peculiar physico-chemical properties that make them suitable for different applications in drug delivery systems, are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Protein release from alginate matrices.
Wayne R. Gombotz,Siow Fong Wee +1 more
TL;DR: By selection of the type of alginate and coating agent, the pore size, degradation rate, and ultimately release kinetics can be controlled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alginic acid gels: the effect of alginate chemical composition and molecular weight
TL;DR: The effect of chemical composition and sequence and molecular weight of different alginate samples on the final properties of alginic acid gels have been studied in this paper, where it is shown that alginates with a high content of guluronic acid blocks give gels of a considerably higher strength compared to alginiates rich in mannuronate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Gums and Modified Natural Gums as Sustained-Release Carriers
TL;DR: In this review, recent developments in the area of natural gums and their derivatives as carriers in the sustained release of drugs are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlled Release of Albumin from Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules
TL;DR: The pH of the extracapsular environment was found to affect the release of albumin significantly and a combination of high and low molecular weight chitosan gave the best results for reducing elution ofalbumin in the first 4 h and increasing elution in the following 20 h.
Journal ArticleDOI
A novel in situ-forming ophthalmic drug delivery system from alginates undergoing gelation in the eye
TL;DR: The overall results of this study indicate that the in situ-gelling alginate system, based on polymers with high G contents, is an excellent drug carrier for the prolonged delivery of pilocarpine.
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