An Inside Perspective on Magma Intrusion: Quantifying 3D Displacement and Strain in Laboratory Experiments by Dynamic X-ray Computed Tomography
Sam Poppe,Eoghan P. Holohan,Olivier Galland,Nico Buls,Gert Van Gompel,Benyameen Keelson,Pierre-Yves Tournigand,Joost Brancart,Dave Hollis,Alex Nila,Matthieu Kervyn +10 more
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In this article, the authors apply cutting-edge medical wide beam X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to quantify in 4D the deformation induced in laboratory models by an intrusion of a magma analogue (golden syrup) into a rheologically-complex granular host rock analogue (sand and plaster).Abstract:
Magma intrusions grow to their final geometries by deforming the Earth’s crust internally and by displacing the Earth’s surface. Interpreting the related displacements in terms of intrusion geometry is key to forecasting a volcanic eruption. While scaled laboratory models enable us to study the relationships between surface displacement and intrusion geometry, past approaches entailed limitations regarding imaging of the laboratory model interior or simplicity of the simulated crustal rheology. Here we apply cutting-edge medical wide beam X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to quantify in 4D the deformation induced in laboratory models by an intrusion of a magma analogue (golden syrup) into a rheologically-complex granular host rock analogue (sand and plaster). We extract the surface deformation and we quantify the strain field of the entire experimental volume in 3D over time by using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). By varying the strength and height of the host material, and intrusion velocity, we observe how intrusions of contrasting geometries– cryptodomes, cup shapes, cone sheets and dikes – grow, and induce contrasting strain field characteristics and surface deformation in 4D. We observe dominantly mixed-mode (opening and shear) fracture localisation in low-cohesion material overburden versus opening-mode fracture localisation in high-cohesion material overburden. The results demonstrate how the combination of CT and DVC can greatly enhance the utility of optically non-transparent crustal rock analogues in obtaining insights into shallow crustal deformation processes. This unprecedented perspective on the spatio-temporal interaction of intrusion growth coupled with host rock deformation provides a conceptual framework that can be tested by geological field observations at eroded volcanic systems and by the ever increasing spatial and temporal resolution of geodetic data at active volcanoes.read more
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Fracture mode analysis and related surface deformation during dyke intrusion: Results from 2D experimental modelling
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of dyke propagation mode on surface deformation through 2D laboratory models was discussed, which suggests that dykes propagate as viscous indenters, rather than linear elastic fracturing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure, emplacement mechanism and magma-flow significance of igneous fingers ? Implications for sill emplacement in sedimentary basins
Olivier Galland,Juan Bautista Spacapan,Ole Rabbel,Karen Mair,Federico González Soto,Trond Eiken,Mario Federico Schiuma,Héctor A. Leanza +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the results of detailed structural mapping on an exceptional, easily accessible 1-km long outcrop in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina, that exhibits a sill, its contacts and the structures in the finely layered sedimentary host rock.
Basin scale" versus "localized" pore pressure stress coupling - implications for trap integrity evaluation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on Sh/Pp coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation, and show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity.
Posted ContentDOI
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Frank Zwaan,Guido Schreurs,Susanne Buiter,Oriol Ferrer,R. Reitano,Michael Rudolf,Ernst Willingshofer +6 more
TL;DR: An up-to-date summary of the state of the art in the field of basin inversion can be found in this article , where the authors provide a systematic overview of the current state-of-the-art.
Book ChapterDOI
Seismic Geomorphology, Architecture and Stratigraphy of Volcanoes Buried in Sedimentary Basins
Abstract: Our ability to investigate both the intrusive and extrusive parts of individual volcanoes has evolved with the increasing quality of seismic reflection datasets. Today, new seismic data and methods of seismic interpretation offer a unique opportunity to observe the entire architecture and stratigraphy of volcanic systems, with resolution down to tens of meters. This chapter summarises the methods used to extract the geomorphic aspects and spatio-temporal organisation of volcanic systems buried in sedimentary basins, with emphasis on the utility of 3D seismic reflection volumes. Based on descriptions and interpretations from key localities worldwide, we propose classification of buried volcanoes into three main geomorphic categories: (1) clusters of small-volume (<1 km3) craters and cones, (2) large (>5 km3) composite, shield and caldera volcanoes, and (3) voluminous lava fields (>10,000 km3). Our classification primarily describes the morphology, size and distribution of eruptive centres of buried volcanoes, and is independent of parameters such as the magma composition, tectonic setting, or eruption environment. The close correlation between the morphology of buried and modern volcanoes provides the basis for constructing realistic models for the facies distribution of igneous systems buried in sedimentary strata, establishing the principles for a new discipline of seismic-reflection volcanology.
References
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Fundamentals of rock mechanics
John Conrad Jaeger,N. G. W. Cook +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Mecanique des roches and Analyse des contraintes were used to construct Elasticite Reference Record (ER) and Elasticite reference record (ER).
Journal ArticleDOI
3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network.
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TL;DR: An overview of 3D Slicer is presented as a platform for prototyping, development and evaluation of image analysis tools for clinical research applications and the utility of the platform in the scope of QIN is illustrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space
TL;DR: In this paper, a suite of closed analytical expressions for the surface displacements, strains, and tilts due to inclined shear and tensile faults in a half-space for both point and finite rectangular sources are presented.