Antibiotic tolerance among clinical isolates of bacteria.
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This work has characterized a novel type of pneumococcal mutant that grows in normal generation times and is as sensitive to growth inhibition by penicillin as the wild-type parent strain.Abstract:
One of the unique features of p-lactam antibiotics and other cell-wall inhibitors like vancomycin and bacitracin is that they can rapidly kill and in many cases lyse susceptible bacteria. Many other types of antibacterial agents (e.g., trimethoprim or chloramphenicol) are primarily bacteriostatic: they inhibit multiplication but do not cause an irreversible inactivation of the cell. In 1970 the characterization of a novel type of pneumococcal mutant was reported in the literature [1]. This mutant grows in normal generation times and is as sensitive to growth inhibition by penicillin as the wild-type parent strain. However, while cultures of the parentread more
Citations
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Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents
Thien-Fah Mah,George A. O'Toole +1 more
TL;DR: Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the biofilm, it is likely that there are multiple resistance mechanisms at work within a single community.
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Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment.
TL;DR: This Opinion article describes recent studies of tolerance, resistance and persistence, outlining how a clear and distinct definition for each phenotype can be developed from these findings and proposes a framework for classifying the drug response of bacterial strains according to these definitions that is based on the measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration.
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Clinical Relevance of Bacteriostatic versus Bactericidal Mechanisms of Action in the Treatment of Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
G. A. Pankey,Leon D. Sabath +1 more
TL;DR: Although bacteriostatic/bactericidal data may provide valuable information on the potential action of antibacterial agents in vitro, it is necessary to combine this information with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to provide more meaningful prediction of efficacy in vivo.
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Targeting bacterial membrane function: an underexploited mechanism for treating persistent infections
TL;DR: Despite some drawbacks, membrane-active agents form an important new means of eradicating recalcitrant, non-growing bacteria.
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Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis.
TL;DR: This work has shown clear trends in the emergence of multiresislant S. aureus-related resistance as well as in the development of novel mechanisms for this resistance.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
hipA, a newly recognized gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that affects frequency of persistence after inhibition of murein synthesis.
H S Moyed,K P Bertrand +1 more
TL;DR: Transposons Tn5 and Tn10 have been inserted close to hipA making it possible to explore the molecular genetics of persistence, a long recognized but poorly understood phenomenon.
BookDOI
Microbial cell walls and membranes
TL;DR: Antibiotics inhibiting D-alanine metabolism in peptidoglycan biosynthesis: cycloserine, O-carbamoyl-D-serine, alaphosphin (L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethyl phosphonic acid) and the haloalanines .
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The rate of killing of Escherichia coli by beta-lactam antibiotics is strictly proportional to the rate of bacterial growth.
TL;DR: Slow growing bacteria became progressively more phenotypically tolerant to beta-lactam antibiotics as the generation time was extended, and all killing rates were a constant function of the bacterial generation time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in a Bacterium with Suppressed Autolytic System
TL;DR: Suppression of the activity of the cellular autolytic system of pneumococci causes simultaneous resistance against penicillin, D-cycloserine and phosphonomycin, a novel type of drug resistance mechanism in bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observations on the Mechanism of Action of Penicillin.
TL;DR: Penicillin acts either as a bacteriostatic or bactericidal agent depending on the experimental conditions and appears to be effective only when active multiplication takes place.