Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications
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TLDR
Joint collaboration across the world with international bodies is needed to assist the developing countries to implement good surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, and strengthening of regulations that direct antibiotic manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and prescription is needed, hence fostering antibiotic stewardship.Abstract:
Due to the increased demand of animal protein in developing countries, intensive farming is instigated, which results in antibiotic residues in animal-derived products, and eventually, antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is of great public health concern because the antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with the animals may be pathogenic to humans, easily transmitted to humans via food chains, and widely disseminated in the environment via animal wastes. These may cause complicated, untreatable, and prolonged infections in humans, leading to higher healthcare cost and sometimes death. In the said countries, antibiotic resistance is so complex and difficult, due to irrational use of antibiotics both in the clinical and agriculture settings, low socioeconomic status, poor sanitation and hygienic status, as well as that zoonotic bacterial pathogens are not regularly cultured, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics are scarcely investigated (poor surveillance systems). The challenges that follow are of local, national, regional, and international dimensions, as there are no geographic boundaries to impede the spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the information assembled in this study through a thorough review of published findings, emphasized the presence of antibiotics in animal-derived products and the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in environmental samples. This therefore calls for strengthening of regulations that direct antibiotic manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and prescription, hence fostering antibiotic stewardship. Joint collaboration across the world with international bodies is needed to assist the developing countries to implement good surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.read more
Citations
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Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants
Preeti Chaturvedi,Preeti Chaturvedi,Parul Shukla,Balendu Shekher Giri,Pankaj Chowdhary,Ram Chandra,Pratima Gupta,Ashok Pandey +7 more
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Antibiotics in the environment: causes and consequences.
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Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects.
Tanvir Mahtab Uddin,Arka Jyoti Chakraborty,Ameer Khusro,Bm Redwan Matin Zidan,Saikat Mitra,Talha Bin Emran,Kuldeep Dhama,Kamal Hossain Ripon,Márió Gajdács,Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada,Jamal Hossain,Niranjan Koirala +11 more
TL;DR: Antibiotics have been used to cure bacterial infections for more than 70 years, and these low-molecular-weight bioactive agents have also been used for a variety of other medicinal applications.
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