Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status
Iruka N. Okeke,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Adriano Duse,Philip Jenkins,Thomas F. O'Brien,Ariel Pablos-Mendez,Keith P. Klugman,Keith P. Klugman +8 more
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TLDR
In this first part of the review, the present state of resistance in these infections is summarized from the available data and potential containment strategies that could address this burgeoning problem are reviewed.Abstract:
The global problem of antimicrobial resistance is particularly pressing in developing countries, where the infectious disease burden is high and cost constraints prevent the widespread application of newer, more expensive agents. Gastrointestinal, respiratory, sexually transmitted, and nosocomial infections are leading causes of disease and death in the developing world, and management of all these conditions has been critically compromised by the appearance and rapid spread of resistance. In this first part of the review, we have summarised the present state of resistance in these infections from the available data. Even though surveillance of resistance in many developing countries is suboptimal, the general picture is one of accelerating rates of resistance spurred by antimicrobial misuse and shortfalls in infection control and public health. Reservoirs for resistance may be present in healthy human and animal populations. Considerable economic and health burdens emanate from bacterial resistance, and research is needed to accurately quantify the problem and propose and evaluate practicable solutions. In part II, to be published next month, we will review potential containment strategies that could address this burgeoning problem.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions
Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Adriano Duse,Chand Wattal,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Heiman F. L. Wertheim,Nithima Sumpradit,Erika Vlieghe,Gabriel Levy Hara,Ian M. Gould,Herman Goossens,Christina Greko,Anthony D. So,Maryam Bigdeli,Goeran Tomson,Will Woodhouse,Eva Ombaka,Arturo Quizhpe Peralta,Farah Naz Qamar,Fatima Mir,Sam Kariuki,Zulfigar A. Bhutta,Anthony R.M. Coates,Richard Bergstrom,Gerard D. Wright,Eric D. Brown,Otto Cars +27 more
TL;DR: The global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and key areas in which action is urgently needed are described and identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data
Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Sumanth Gandra,Ashvin Ashok,Quentin Caudron,Bryan T. Grenfell,Bryan T. Grenfell,Simon A. Levin,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +9 more
TL;DR: To prevent a striking rise in resistance in low-income and middle-income countries with large populations and to preserve antibiotic efficacy worldwide, programmes that promote rational use through coordinated efforts by the international community should be a priority.
Journal ArticleDOI
Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Benedetta Allegranzi,Sepideh Bagheri Nejad,Christophe Combescure,Wilco Graafmans,Homa Attar,Liam Donaldson,Didier Pittet,Didier Pittet +7 more
TL;DR: The epidemiology of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries is assessed and a need to improve surveillance and infection-control practices is indicated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a stronger in vitro 'proof-of-concept'.
TL;DR: This review provides a number of recommendations that will help to define a more sound 'proof-of-concept' for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic potential in natural products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Point-of-care diagnostics for global health.
TL;DR: The context in which the diagnostics must operate, some of the appropriate diagnostic technologies already in distribution, and some emerging technologies that promise to address this challenge are reviewed.
References
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Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study
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From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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Decline in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease after the Introduction of Protein–Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine
Cynthia G. Whitney,Monica M. Farley,James L. Hadler,Lee H. Harrison,Nancy M. Bennett,Ruth Lynfield,Arthur Reingold,Paul R. Cieslak,Tamara Pilishvili,Delois Jackson,Richard R. Facklam,James H. Jorgensen,Anne Schuchat +12 more
TL;DR: The use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is preventing disease in young children, for whom the vaccine is indicated, and may be reducing the rate of disease in adults.
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The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000
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