Journal ArticleDOI
Application of U.S. EPA guidelines in a bioavailability‐based assessment of ambient water quality criteria for zinc in freshwater
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TLDR
The unified zinc BLM, developed by objectively averaging the biotic ligand binding constants for zinc and competing cations from existing BLMs, performed better in predicting toxicity to a diverse set of organisms than any individual existing BLM.Abstract:
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) current ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for zinc in freshwater are hardness-based and were last updated in 1995. The acute and chronic freshwater toxicity databases have since expanded substantially and the U.S. EPA's minimum phylogenetic diversity requirements for chronic zinc toxicity are now met (an acute:chronic ratio was previously required). Additionally, several acute and chronic biotic ligand models (BLMs) for zinc have since been developed and validated for freshwater organisms. Using the expanded toxicity database and existing BLMs, we developed a unified zinc BLM that could efficiently predict both acute and chronic toxicity over a wide range of zinc bioavailabilities. The unified BLM, developed by objectively averaging the biotic ligand binding constants for zinc (Zn2+) and competing cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, H+) from existing BLMs, performed better in predicting toxicity to a diverse set of organisms than any individual existing BLM. Performance of the unified BLM was further improved by optimizing the biotic ligand binding constant for the ZnOH+ species. The updated freshwater zinc toxicity database and unified BLM were then used to estimate the fifth percentiles of the acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions following the U.S. EPA guidelines for AWQC development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1264–1272. © 2012 SETACread more
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Biotic ligand model development predicting Zn toxicity to the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: possibilities and limitations
TL;DR: In this paper, the individual effects of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and pH on zinc toxicity to the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly and better known as Selenastrum capricornutum and Raphidocelis subcapsitata) were investigated.
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Critical Review: Toxicity of Dietborne Metals to Aquatic Organisms
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the toxicity of 13 metals (Ag, Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) to aquatic biota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems
TL;DR: The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) as mentioned in this paper is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals, and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM into the 2007 revised aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for Cu. Although the BLM generally is an improvement over previous approaches to determining water quality criteria, there are several challenges in implementing the BLM, particularly at mined and mineralized sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acute sensitivity of a broad range of freshwater mussels to chemicals with different modes of toxic action.
Ning Wang,Christopher D. Ivey,Christopher G. Ingersoll,William G. Brumbaugh,David A. Alvarez,Edward J. Hammer,Candice R. Bauer,Tom Augspurger,Sandy Raimondo,M. Christopher Barnhart +9 more
TL;DR: The sensitivity of juvenile fatmucket among different populations or cultured from larvae of wild adults and captive-cultured adults was also similar in acute exposures to copper or chloride, indicating captive- Cultured adult mussels can reliably be used to reproduce juveniles for toxicity testing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consideration of the bioavailability of metal/metalloid species in freshwaters: experiences regarding the implementation of biotic ligand model-based approaches in risk assessment frameworks.
Heinz Rüdel,Cristina Díaz Muñiz,Hemda Garelick,Nadia G. Kandile,Bradley W. Miller,Leonardo Pantoja Munoz,Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg,Diane Purchase,Yehuda Shevah,Patrick van Sprang,Martina G. Vijver,Jos P.M. Vink +11 more
TL;DR: This work aims to review the existing bioavailability-based regulatory approaches and the application of available BLM-based bioavailability tools for this purpose, and recommends for further implementation are given.
References
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Book
Principles and Applications of Aquatic Chemistry
TL;DR: The authors presents aquatic chemistry in a way that is truly useful to those with diverse backgrounds in the sciences Major improvements to this edition include a complete rewrite of the first three background chapters making them user-friendly.
Hazard/Risk Assessment BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF METALS. 1. TECHNICAL BASIS
Dominic M. Di Toro,H Erbert E. Allen,Harold L. Bergman,Joseph S. Meyer,Paul R. Paquin,Robert C. Santore +5 more
TL;DR: The biotic ligand model of acute metal toxicity to aquatic organisms is based on the idea that mortality occurs when the metal-biotic ligand complex reaches a critical concentration, a generalization of the free ion activity model that relates toxicity to the concentration of the divalent metal cation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 1. Technical Basis
Dominic M. Di Toro,Herbert E. Allen,Harold L. Bergman,Joseph S. Meyer,Paul R. Paquin,Robert C. Santore +5 more
TL;DR: The biotic ligand model (BLM) of acute metal toxicity to aquatic organisms is based on the idea that mortality occurs when the metal-biotic ligand complex reaches a critical concentration.
Journal ArticleDOI
WHAM—a chemical equilibrium model and computer code for waters, sediments, and soils incorporating a discrete site/electrostatic model of ion-binding by humic substances
TL;DR: The WHAM (Windermere Humic Aqueous Model) as mentioned in this paper is a simple inorganic speciation code for aqueous solutions that combines Humic Ion-Binding Model V with a simple, inorganic inorganic specciation code.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting acute zinc toxicity for Daphnia magna as a function of key water chemistry characteristics: Development and validation of a biotic ligand model
TL;DR: From these data, conditional stability constants for Ca2+), Mg2+, Na+, and Zn2+ were derived and incorporated into a biotic ligand model (BLM) predicting acute zinc toxicity to D. magna in surface waters with different water quality characteristics.
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