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Journal ArticleDOI

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in detection of water quality

TLDR
In this article, various Raman spectroscopy techniques employed for water quality detection are presented based on the types of pollutants: organics, inorganics, and biological contaminants, and relevant detection parameters are reviewed, such as detection materials, detection parameters, limit of detection, detection range, peak positions, and selectivity.
Abstract
Water pollution is hazardous to the health of humans and other organisms, and detection of pollutants in aquatic environments is of primary importance for water quality monitoring. Raman spectroscopy offers an effective tool for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of contaminants in a water environment. This article focuses on applications of Raman spectroscopy for detection of water quality. In this article, various Raman spectroscopy techniques employed for water quality detection are presented based on the types of pollutants: organics, inorganics, and biological contaminants. Additionally, the relevant detection parameters are reviewed, such as detection materials, limit of detection, detection range, peak positions, and selectivity. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of various Raman spectroscopy techniques are summarized. Finally, the future development of Raman spectroscopy for detection of water quality is discussed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

A review on spectroscopic methods for determination of nitrite and nitrate in environmental samples

TL;DR: Methods based on spectroscopic detection of nitrate have been discussed in this review article due to their easy availability, high sensitivity, low detection limit, economical and facile nature.
Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular Spectroscopic Characterization of Membrane Fouling: A Critical Review

TL;DR: An overview of spectroscopic and microspectroscopic approaches, including UV-vis, fluorescence, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, for the online detection, identification, visualization, and chemical characterization of membrane fouling is provided, and their main advantages as well as limitations in membrane-fouling research are analyzed as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Advances in the characterization and monitoring of natural organic matter using spectroscopic approaches.

TL;DR: The most recent advances in molecular spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, for the characterization, measurement, and monitoring of NOM are reviewed, and the state-of-the-art innovations are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical detection and removal of pharmaceuticals in waste waters

TL;DR: Various detection methods using unmodified and modified electrodes with enzymes, antibodies and aptamers are presented, while the main part of this review is focusing on the removal of drugs from wastewaters by electrochemical methods.
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Real-time fouling monitoring with Raman spectroscopy

TL;DR: In this paper, normal Raman spectrocopy was explored as a novel online tool for monitoring membrane fouling in real-time using principal component analysis and external calibration in order to determine the adsorbed amount of vanillin during the fouling process.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades

TL;DR: Some of the science and technology being developed to improve the disinfection and decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supplies through the safe re-use of wastewater and efficient desalination of sea and brackish water are highlighted.
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Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences

TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
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Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied square integrable coefficients of an irreducible representation of the non-unimodular $ax + b$-group and obtained explicit expressions in the case of a particular analyzing family that plays a role analogous to coherent states (Gabor wavelets) in the usual $L_2 $ -theory.
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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

TL;DR: In this paper, the basic experimental facts and the essential features of the mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the observations have been reviewed, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from single particles and single molecules.
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A New Type of Secondary Radiation

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in every case in which light is scattered by the molecules in dust-free liquids or gases, the diffuse radiation of the ordinary kind, having the same wave-length as the incident beam, is accompanied by a modified scattered radiation of degraded frequency.
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