Journal ArticleDOI
Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature
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A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out and results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presented.Abstract:
The toxicity of ammonia to fishes has been attributed to the un-ionized ammonia chemical species present in aqueous solution Because the percent of total ammonia present as un-ionized ammonia (NH3) is so dependent upon pH and temperature, an exact understanding of the aqueous ammonia equilibrium is important for toxicity studies A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out Results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presentedread more
Citations
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Review article Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment
Julio A. Camargo,Álvaro Alonso +1 more
TL;DR: A global assessment, with detailed multi-scale data, of the ecological and toxicological effects generated by inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems is provided and it is concluded that levels of total nitrogen lower than 0.5-1.0 mg TN/L could prevent aquatic ecosystems from acidification.
BookDOI
Gaseous loss of nitrogen from plant-soil systems
J.R. Freney,J.R. Simpson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for measuring gaseous losses of nitrogen in the field and measured the fate of nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere, including nitrogen loss from sewage sludges and manures applied to agricultural lands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals
TL;DR: The economics of most modern aquaculture operations require that animals be cultured at high densities, and elevated concentrations of ammonia and nitrite act as stressors in that they stimulate the release of corticosteroid hormones into circulation.
Book ChapterDOI
Volatilization of ammonia
TL;DR: Ammonia is ubiquitous in Nature, being formed from the biological degradation of proteins in soil organic matter, plant residues and animal wastes as discussed by the authors, and it is constantly being formed in soils at rates which depend on the level of microbial activity and the susceptibility of organic N compounds to biological attack.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia juveniles in chronic ammonia exposure.
TL;DR: The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and the activities of the enzymes assayed were significantly increased in liver and white muscle of fish exposed to both low and high TAN levels.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Acidic dissociation constant of ammonium ion at 0 to 50 C, and the base strength of ammonia
Journal ArticleDOI
The Percent Un-Ionized Ammonia in Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at Different pH Levels and Temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the un-ionized ammonia molecule and not the ammonium ion is the form of the toxicant harmful to fish, and the amount of unionised ammonia in the water was quantified.